::: History Of District In Punjab :::

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Amritsar

Amritsar (ਅੰਮ੍ਰਿਤਸਰ) is the administrative headquarters of the Amritsar district in the state of Punjab, India. The 2001 Indian census reported the population of the city to be over 1,500,000, with that of the entire district numbering just over 3,695,077.
Amritsar is located in the northwestern part of India in the State of Punjab, 32 kilometres (20 mi) east of Lahore, Pakistan. Some have taken the name Amritsar to derive from Amŗit-saagar, meaning "The Ocean of the Nectar of Immortality".
It is home to the Harmandir Sahib, also known as the Golden Temple, the spiritual and cultural center of the Sikh religion. This important Sikh shrine attracts more visitors than the Taj Mahal in Agra and is the number one destination for non-resident Indians (NRI) in the whole of India.[citation needed]. Amritsar is considered important and holy by hindus as well, as according to the greatest epic of hinduism, this was a place where Sita, the wife of Lord Rama, gave birth to twins Lava and Kusha. The birth took place in the ashram of Valmiki rishi. Beside this Durgaina temple is also a very famous hindu temple.
Amritsar is also known for the incidents of Jallianwala Bagh Massacre in 1919 under British Rule and Operation Bluestar in 1984 under the late Prime Minister of India, Indira Gandhi.
The main commercial activities include tourism, carpets and fabrics, farm produce, handicrafts, service trades and light engineering. The city is popular and known for its food and culture. Amritsar is also home to Central Khalsa Orphanage, which was once a home for Shaheed Udham Singh, a prominent figure in the Indian independence movement.

History

Amritsar city is one of the major cities of the Punjab state in India. This city was founded by Guru Ram Das in 1574 on land bought by him for 700 rupees from the owners of the village of Tung. (Earlier Guru Ram Das had begun building Santokhsar Sarovar, near the village of Sultanwind in 1564 {according to one source in 1570}. It could not be completed before 1588. In 1574, Guru Ram Das built his residence and moved to this place. At that time, it was known as Guru Da Chakk. (Later, it came to be known as Chakk Ram Das).
Since then this city has been known as Amritsar (after the name of the sarovar). The first stone of the foundation of the Darbar Sahib is said to have been laid by Sain Mian Mir Sahib, a Muslim saint from Punjab, at Guru Arjan's request. A story in Sikh lore tells of a mason who then corrected the stone's alignment and was chided by Guru Arjan for doing so with the Saint stating that the re-alignment was symbolic of the complex being continually attacked and rebuilt. Masons worked on laying the foundation on January 3, 1588.
Sant Mian Mir was very friendly with Guru Arjan Dev and tried to intercede with the Guru's subsequent torture and death at the hands of the Emperor Jahangir. He continued to be a friend of the next Guru, Guru Hargobind, and again worked on attaining his freedom when he was held for some time at Gwalior Fort. In 1590, Guru Arjan Dev moved to the village of Wadali where Guru Hargobind was born on June 19, 1590. By 1601, the Darbar Sahib was fully ready. In 1603-1604, the first volume of the Guru Granth Sahib, the Sikh scriptures, was prepared in this city and was installed at Darbar Sahib on August 16, 1604.
It is here that the Akal Takht (The throne of immortality, lit. the never ending throne) the seat of Sikh political power was built by Guru Hargobind in 1609. Two flags representing temporal and spiritual authority and Sikh sovereignty were set up in front of the Akal Takht. Here Guru Hargobind wore two swords of Miri and Piri (temporal and transcendental authority).
On April 13, 1634, the Mughal army attacked Guru Hargobind here. From 1635 to 1698, Amritsar remained in the control of the Mina family (descendants of Pirthi Chand). During this period, on November 23, 1664, Guru Tegh Bahadur visited the town. In April 1698, Bhai Mani Singh was appointed as the caretaker of the shrines of Amritsar.
The Mughal chief of Patti tried to occupy Amritsar several times. One such attempt was made in April 1709. The Sikhs, under the command of Bhai Mani Singh and Bhai Tara Singh of Dhillwan, repelled this attack. When Baba Banda Singh Bahadur occupied several areas in the Punjab, Bhai Mani Singh chose to leave Amritsar in order to avoid the Mughal attacks. On December 30, 1711, the Mughal emperor, Bahadur Shah, granted Ajit Singh Palit the charge of Amritsar in order to use him against Baba Banda Singh Bahadur. After the death of Bahadur Shah, Ajit Singh Palit returned to Delhi. In 1721, Bhai Mani Singh returned to Amritsar and re-started regular worship. His first act was to solve a dispute between the Tat Khalsa and the Bandai Khalsa factions for the right to the management of the shrines in Amritsar.
On March 29, 1733, a major gathering of Sikhs was held here in front of Akal Takht. During the same time a Sarbat Khalsa gathering was also held. It discussed the Mughal offer of Nawab-hood. In April 1734, Bhai Mani Singh was arrested and was executed in Lahore on June 24, 1734.
In 1740, Massa Ranghar, an official, desecrated the Darbar Sahib. He was killed for this action by Bhai Sukha Singh and Bhai Mahtab Singh, on August 11, 1740. In 1757 an Afghan army of Ahmed Shah Abdali demolished both the Darbar Sahib and the Akal Takht. Baba Deep Singh led several thousand Sikhs against the Afghans. A major battle was fought on November 11, 1757. Baba Deep Singh and several thousand Sikhs were killed. Again, in 1762, the Darbar Sahib complex was again demolished by an Afghan army. On December 1, 1764, the Afghan army made another attack. 30 Sikhs, led by Jathedar Gurbakhsh Singh, fought against the mammoth Afghan army and were killed. In 1765, the Sikhs began re-construction of the shrines. The central part was ready by 1776.
During the eighteenth century, Amritsar, like the Sikh community as a whole, witnessed many vicissitudes of history. It suffered repeatedly desecration and destruction until it was finally liberated upon the establishment of sovereign authority of the Sikh misls, principalities, over the Punjab in 1765. The town was thereafter under the control of several misl chiefs although its surrounding district was held by Sardār Harī Siṅgh of the Bhāṅgī misl. Different sardārs or chiefs constructed their own buṅgās or residential houses around the principal sarovar and also their respective kaṭṛās or wards encouraging traders and craftsmen to reside in them and over which each exercised exclusive control. The sacred shrines were however administered by a joint council comprising representatives of the chiefs who had made endowments in land for their maintenance. Even prior to the time of Sikh ascendancy, joint councils, known as Sarbat Khalsa (lit. the entire Sikh Panth), to take crucial decisions on political matters had been held at Amritsar. Now again with all misl chiefs having their buṅgās there, it became the common capital of the Khālsā. Devotees from far and near, free to visit the holy city after six decades of the severest persecution, flocked to Gurū kī Nagarī (the Gurū's town). So did businessmen and tradesmen to take advantage of the increasing pilgrim and resident population. Trade, commerce and crafts flourished in different kaṭṛās each having its own markets and manufacturings. By the end of the eighteenth century, Amritsar had already become Punjab's major trading center. Yet the town with its multiple command setup remained a confederated rather than a composite habitation until Mahārājā Raṇjīt Siṅgh (1780-1839) rose to power and consolidated the whole of the Punjab into one sovereign State.
Ranjīt Singh, chief of the Sukarchakīā misl, who first occupied, in 1799, Lahore, the traditional capital of the Punjab, and declared himself Mahārājā in 1801, extended his hegemony to Amritsar in 1805 when he took over from his traditional rivals, the Bhāngī chiefs, their fort with its mint striking the Nānakshāhī rupee, and the famous Zamzamā gun. The fort of the Rāmgarhīā misl was occupied in 1815 and with the possessions of Rānī Sadā Kaur of Kanhaiyā misl and Fateh Singh Āhlūwālīā in Amritsar during the early 1820s, Ranjīt Singh's occupation of Amritsar was complete. He then constructed a double wall and a moat around the city with twelve gates and their corresponding bridges over the moat. Already in 1809 he had constructed the Gobindgarh Fort outside Lahaurī Gate complete with a formidable moat, three lines of defense and several bastions and emplacements for heavy guns. Amritsar thus had already become his second capital. The royal Toshākhānā or treasury was kept in Gobindgarh Fort which was also used as the royal residence during the Mahārājā's frequent visits to the city before his palace in the city, Rām Bāgh, was completed in 1831. Several members of the nobility also raised palatial houses and beautiful gardens in and around the city. Ranjīt Singh devoutly provided liberal funds to have the dome and exterior of the Darbar Sahib gold plated and to have the interior ornamented with fine filigree and enamel work and with decorative murals and panels in marble inlaid with colored stone. Sardār Desā Singh Majīthīā (died 1832), who had been appointed manager of the holy shrines in the city since its occupation by Ranjīt Singh, donated gold for gilding the top of Bābā Attal. Around 1830, Ranjit Singh had Muslim goldsmiths to gold-plate some parts of the inner section of the Darbar Sahib. The Gold plating led to it being called the Golden Temple.
In 1846, the British established themselves in the Lahore Darbar, with a resident in the Court; and, Amritsar became a place of frequent visits by the British. In order to keep the sanctity of the city, H. M. Lawrence, the British resident, issued an order, dated March 24, 1847, asking the English people to follow Sikh protocol while visiting Sikh places of worship. In 1858, a municipal committee was set up here. In 1862, train services between Lahore and Amritsar were started. Khalsa College, the first Sikh college was established here in 1892. [In 1969 Guru Nanak Dev University was established here]. In 1913, the city was electrified. In September 1915, the British declared Amritsar a holy City. (This order was later annulled after Indian independence in August 15, 1947 by the Indian government). On April 13, 1919, General Reginald Dyer opened fire on the gathering, at Jallianwala Bagh, near Darbar Sahib, killed 379 people and wounded another 1200. The Shiromani Gurdwara Parbandhak Committee (S.G.P.C.) and the Shiromani Akali Dal were established here in 1920.
In addition to the damage done by the Afghan armies the Akal Takht was damaged by the Indian government forces in June 1984 during Operation Blue Star launched to deal with a Sikh secessionist movement which had fortified the Holy site with automatic weapons and rocket launchers. The Group was headed by Jarnail Singh Bhindranwale head of the Damdami Taksal, a mobile college begun by Guru Gobind Singh. The Indian government repaired it in September 1984. The Sikhs promptly removed the work done by the Indian Government and re-did the repairs themselves. They began demolishing the repairs on January 26, 1986. The present structure was repaired by five service-groups headed by Baba Thakar Singh of Bhindranmehta Jatha.
The city is dominated by the history of Hindus and Sikhs and many of their sacred shrines are found in and around the city. It was established by Guru Ramdas. The city has highest temporal seat of Sikhs "The Harimandir Sahib" popularly known as Golden Temple. The city has central old city called walled city. It has narrow zig zag streets mostly developed in the 17th and 18th century. The city has a peculiar example of introvert planning system and has uniques areas called Katras. The Katras are self styled residential units that provided unique defence system during attacks on the city.
The city lies on the main Grand Trunk Road (GT Road) from Delhi to Amritsar connecting to Lahore in Pakistan. The G. T. Road, built by Sher Shah Suri, runs through the whole of the northern half of the Indian subcontinent, connecting Peshawar, Pakistan to Sonargaon, Bangladesh. The city is also connected to most other major cities such as New Delhi, Mumbai, Calcutta by an extensive network of rail system. The city also provides air connectivity to major Indian cities, as well as international cities such as Birmingham, Toronto, Dubai, Singapore, Tashkent, Ashgabat, London etc from the Raja Sansi International Airport. The airport is being developed for increasing demand in future; a new International inbound & outbound terminal is operational and cargo terminal is also under construction.
The city is the administrative center for the Amritsar District. Amritsar developed from a small village pool to a business center. However, it did not become the industrial center of Punjab due to its proximity to the volatile Indo-Pak border.



Geography

Amritsar is located to north-west of Ferozepur city at a distance of about 109 km.Apart from Ferozepur, Gurdaspur and Kapurthala are other two cities surrounding Amritsar. Other nearby cities include Hoshiarpur,Jalandhar and Nawanshahr (located to the east of Amritsar),to the south of Amritsar are Moga, Faridkot and to south-east is Ludhiana.In the west direction Amritsar shares international border with Pakistan lying 32 kilometres east of Lahore.

Places of Interest

Harmandir Sahib (Golden Temple)
Takht Sri Akal Takht Sahib
Gurdwara Manji Sahib, Devan Asthan
Gurdwara Baba Atal Sahib
Gurdwara Atari Sahib
Gurdwara Patshahi Shevi Dand
Gurdwara Shaheed Ganj Sahib Ji (Dhan Dhan Baba Deep Singh Ji)
Gurdwara Ramsar Sahib
Gurdwara Baba Deep Singh, built at the site of the martyrdom of Baba Deep Singh
Gurdwara Bebaaksar Sahib
Gurdwara Janam Asthan Shri Guru Hargobind Sahib
Gurdwara Janam Asthan Shri Guru Amar Das Sahib
Gurdwara Darbar Sahib, Tarn Taran (twenty five km south of Amritsar)
Gurdwara Baba Budha Sahib Janam Asthan
Gurdwara Guru da Bagh, Kokawali
Gurdwara Bowli Sahib, Goindwal Sahib
Gurdwara Bir Baba Budha, Thattah-Chabhal
Gurdwara Darbar Sahib, Khadur Sahib
Gurdwara Chheharta Sahib, Guru Hargobind Ji
Gurdwara Baba Bakala, where Bhai Makhan Shah proclaimed that he had found the ninth Sikh Guru in Guru Teg Bahadur
Gurdwara Beed Baba Buddha Sahib
Gurdwara Kaulsar Sahib
Gurdwara Tala Sahib
Gurdwara Bhai Manjh Sahib Ji
Gurdwara Pau Wind Sahib Ji (Dhan Dhan Baba Deep Singh Ji)
Gurdwara Guru Ki Wadali
Gurdwara Chola Sahib
Gurdwara Gurdwara Guru Ki Kothri
Gurdwara Gurusar Satlani Sahib
Gurdwara Pipli Sahib
Gurdwara Dera Sahib
Gurdwara San Sahib
Gurdwara Baba Adali Sahib
Gurdwara Jassa Singh Ahluvalia
Gurdwara Santokhsar Sahib
Gurdwara Shaheed Ganj Baba Gurbaksh Singh
Gurdwara Sardar Natha Singh Shaheed
Ram Tirath, the birth place of Luv and Kusha. Their mother Sita got settled here after she vacated Ayodhaya. This is originally an ashram set up by Rishi Valmiki, who authored Ramayana.
Durgiana Mandir.
 

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Barnala

Barnala
is a district head quarter of Punjab. It is situated in the heart of the state. Barnala is well known for textiles as world famous Trident Company is situated here which is recognised for producing towels etc.

History

Barnala was named after Baba Ala Singh. Though it was a district headquarter in erstwhile princely state system, it was later merged in PEPSU ( PATIALA & EAST PUNJAB STATES UNION ) and degraded as sub divisional headquarter. Later the Congress led Government of Punjab, headed by Capt. Amarinder Singh, who incidentally is the maharajah and last ruler of Patiala State, restored its glory as a district headquarters.

Geography

Barnala is located at 30°23′N 75°33′E / 30.38, 75.55. It has an average elevation of 227 metres (744 feet).
Barnala is a medium sized town with all the amenities available within commutable distance. Its economy is supported by neighboring agriculture rich villages like Sehna, Rure Ke Kalan, Rure Ke Khurd, Mehta, Dhaula, Pakho Kalan, Handiaya, Mallhi,Pakho Ke, Sanghera, Thikriwal, Gehal,Diwana, Rajgarh, Uppli, Pherwahi, Dhanaula, Amla Singh Wala. It has diverse population supporting local industries and food business. Now Barnala is a newly declared district headquarter of Punjab state,upgraded from a Sub Divisional Headquarter by the former Chief Minister of Punjab, Capt.Amrinder Singh. But with a Congress candidate Kewal Singh Dhillon winning as a member of the State Legislative Assembly and the state being ruled by the Akali Dal Government, Barnala has been a neglected area on all fronts. Last week i.e. first week of October, 2008, it brought shame to all as news spread of illegal cutting of forest trees on BARNALA - TAPA Road by timber smugglers in connivance of forest officials; posing great threat to environment. As the news was extensively carried by newspapers and TV Channels, Mr Tikshan Sood, the Honourable Minister of Forest, Government of Punjab has ordered an enquiry into the matter and the Distt Forest Officer, Sangrur has been ordered to head the enquiry. This news items was covered in Barnala Sangrur Kesri dated October 9, 2008 (part of Punjab Kesri, leading Hindi Daily of Punjab)
 

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Bathinda

Bathinda(ਬਠਿੰਡਾ)
is one of the oldest cities in Punjab and the current administrative headquarters of Bathinda District. It is situated in north-western India in the Malwa (Punjab) Region and as of 2001 has a population of 217,389.
It is home to two modern thermal power plants, a fertilizer plant, a large oil refinery, a Zoo, and the Qila Mubarak fort. Bathinda is one of the biggest food grain and cotton markets in northern India, and the area around Bathinda has become a large grape growing area. Bathinda's railway junction is Asia's biggest and is currently undergoing a project for modernization. The Multinational Corporation Pepsi processes horticultural products grown in Bathinda

History

It is believed that Rao Bhatti established the modern town of Bathinda in the Lakhi jungle area in the third century, and it was captured from him by the Brars. Bala Rao Bhatti inhabited the city in 965 AD, naming it Bhatti vinda after his surname. The city also remained the capital of Raja Jaipal. Later the city name was changed to Bhatinda and now a days it is known as Bathinda.
In 1004, Mahmud of Ghazni besieged the local fort, which was located on the route from the northwest into the rich Ganges valley. In 1189, Muhammad Ghori attacked and occupied the fort of Bathinda. Prithvi Raj Chauhan, the ruler of this region, managed to recover possession of the fort thirteen months later in 1191 after a fierce battle.
Razia Sultan, the first female ruler of India, was imprisoned at Bathinda in April, 1240. She was released in August of that year through the efforts of Altunia, the local governor. Both Altunia and Razia married but were killed by robbers near Kaithal on October 13[citation needed].
The Sidhu-Brars were thrown out of Bathinda during the Lodhi's rule, but were restored to the area by Babur. A few years later, Roop Chand, a staunch Sikh, came onto the scene of Punjab history. Phul, the second son of Roop Chand, started the practice of langar (community kitchen) for the people in the Lakhi jungle area and built a fort around 1654.
With the formation of the Patiala and East Punjab States Union (PEPSU) on May 5, 1948, Bathinda District came into existence on August 20, 1948. Its headquarters was originally at Faridkot, but relocated to Bathinda in 1953.
After 1953, many changes were made to Bathinda District's geographical boundaries. Muktsar and Mansa districts were separated from Bathinda

Geography

Bathinda is also famous for having one of the biggest military chhaunis (cantonments) in Asia. Rampura Phul, Goniana, Mansa, Talwandi Sabo, Bhucho Mandi, Nathana, Tungwali and Gubalgard are all small towns near Bathinda. Bathinda is about 1-2 hours distance from Sangrur, Dhuri, Kotkapura, Faridkot and Muktsar. Ludhiana and Patiala are about 3 hours from Bathinda. Chandigarh is about 4 hours from Bathinda.
There are direct trains that run from Delhi to Bathinda via Patiala, Ambala,Hisar and Rohtak, Jind route. The journey takes approximately six hours.
Areas worth visiting are The Mall, Dhobi Bazar, Rose Garden, Model Town, Fort at Bathinda, known as 'Qila Mubarak', Gurudwara Shri Hazi Rattan, the three lakes near the thermal plant, and others.
Summer temperatures can be as high as 50°C (122°F), and winter temperatures as low as 0°C (32°F). The weather is generally dry, but is very humid from mid-May to the end of August. Rainfall is primarily from the south-west due to monsoon weather, and is concentrated in the period July to mid-September.


Places of Interest

Bathinda Fort: The ancient fort shaped like a ship is said to be built by Bhatti Rao. It was captured by Maharaja Ala Singh of Patiala in 1754. A small gurudwara here commemorates the visit of Sri Guru Gobind Singh ji.

Mausoleum of Pir Baba Haji Rattan: Pir Baba Haji Rattan is said to have visited Mecca, as an ambassador of Raja Bhoj. After returning back he settled down in Bathinda. His manusoleum or mazar is located between the Civil Hospital and the Grain Market. Large number of devotees, irrespective of their faiths and belief visit the mazar. The place was further sanctified with the visits of Guru Nanak Dev ji and Guru Gobind Singh ji.
 

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Faridkot

Faridkot (ਫ਼ਰੀਦਕੋਟ)
is a small city and a municipal council in Faridkot district in the state of Punjab, India.
It has been named after the great Sufi Saint Baba Sheik Fariduddin Ganjshakar, whose verses are mentioned in Guru Granth Sahib the holy book of Sikh religion. Previously it was called Mokalhar.
The main crops of the city are wheat, paddy and cotton. Industries of the town include cotton handling, from ginning to baling, as well as manufacture of machine tools, sewing machines, and bicycles.


History

The ruling dynasty of Faridkot claimed descent from Rawal Jaisal, who founded Jaisalmer in Rajasthan in 1156. The town was founded in the 16th century by his descendant Bhallan of the Burai Jats.
In 13th century, noted Sufi saint, Baba Farid, on his way to Pak Pattan from Delhi, stopped here, and did penance for 40 days, near the fort of King ‘Makoal’, then under construction. The king was so impressed by his presence that he named the city, after Baba Farid, 'Faridkoat, instead of ‘Makoalpur’, and the place, where he stayed, is still called, ‘Tilla Baba Farid’, and ‘Baba Sheikh Farid Aagman Purb Mela’ is celebrated each year, commemorating his arrival in the city.
The ancestor of the Faridkot principality, Bhallan was an ardent follower of 6th Sikh Guru Har Gobind. He helped the Guru Har Gobind ji in the battle of Mehraj. He died issueless in 1643. Kapura, who was a nephew of Bhallan, succeeded him. Kapura founded the town of Kotkapura in 1661. Nawab Kapura was the Chaudhry of eighty-four villages. He was a Sikh but did not want to earn the ire of the Mughals and help Guru Gobind Singh Ji and fight with Mughals. The famous last battle of Muktsar (Khidrane Di Dhaab) now a historic town, happened after Nawab Kapura declined Guru Gobind Singh's request to use his fort to fight Mughal Army. Otherwise the last war between Mughals and Guru Gobind Singh Ji was destined to happen at Kotkapura. Guru ji moved from Kotkapura to Dhilwan Kalan from there to Talwandi sabo via Guru ki Dhab. However, later in the battle of Muktsar in 1705, Nawab Kapuray, helped Guru Gobind Singh Ji in an underhand manner. Kapura was slain by Isa Khan Manj in 1708. He had three sons named Sukhia, Sema and Mukhia. Mukhia killed Isa Khan and took control of the entire area. Sema was also killed in this battle in 1710. Kapura’s elder son Sukhia again came into power in 1720.
A dispute between grandsons of Kapura (sons of Sukhia) led to the division of the state in 1763. The older brother, Sardar Jodh Singh Brar, retained control of Kotkapura, and his younger brother, Sardar Hamir Singh Brar, was given Faridkot.
The state was captured in 1803 by Ranjit Singh, but was one of the Cis-Sutlej states that came under British influence after the 1809 Treaty of Amritsar. During the Sikh wars in 1845, Raja Pahar Singh aided the British, and was rewarded with an increase of territory. The state had an area of and its 642 square miles, and a population of 124,912 in 1901. It was bounded on the west and northeast by the British district of Ferozepore, and on the south by the state of Nabha. The last Ruler of Faridkot was Lt. HH Farzand-i-sadaat Nishan Hazrat-i-kaisar-i-hind Raja Sir Harindar Singh Brar Bans Bahadur. Before partition there was majority Muslim population in Faridkot so the two main languages spoken were Punjabi and Urdu. There are many mosques in Faridkot which are taken care of by Sikh villagers. There was a man named Sher Singh Gill who comes from a warrior family he was known for his brave action against the mob during 1947 riots. In a village named Jattpur there were many attacks on residents that weren't Sikhs or Hindus. Sher Singh Gill saved a man named Mohammad Ali who was running for his life from the mobs. Luckily Sher Singh was in the farms and seen Ali running and presued to stop the mob and save Mohammad from death. Mohammad Ali was really grateful and thanked Sher Singh so much. After the partition was over and killing was finished Ali had resided in Faridkot where he worked with Sher singh. After, Sher Singh death in 1978 he gave all his land, property, and car to Mohammad Ali because of his loyalty. During Sikh militant rule in Punjab in the 80's Mohammad Ali was killed due to not giving up his property to Sikh militants.

Geography

Faridkot is located at 30°40′N 74°45′E / 30.67, 74.75. It has an average elevation of 196 metres (643 feet). Faridkot has always played a very crucial role in the politics of the state with a number of chief ministers and even a president hailing from the area, though after the separation of Moga and Muktsar this district has become considerably small but still this area is an important political arena.

Places of Interest

Chilla Baba Seikh Farid : The monument was built in the memory of the great saint Baba Farid. It is believed that the saint rested here during his visit to the town. The divine couplets of the Sufi saint are also included in the sacred scriptures of the Sikhs.

Faridkot Fort : The 700 years old fort is famous for its spectacular Sheesh Mahal, the hall of mirrors and wall paintings. The hall built in Rajasthani style was the prayer room of the ruling family.


 

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Fatehgarh

Fatehgarh Sahib
city is headquarters of Fatehgarh Sahib district, one of the twenty districts in the state of Punjab in North-West India
District of Fatehgarh Sahib came into existence on 13 April 1992, Baisakhi Day.It derives name 'Fatehgarh Sahib' from Sahibzada Fateh Singh, the youngest son of 10th Guru Gobind Singh, who was bricked alive by the orders of Suba Sirhind, Wazir Khan in 1705 along with his brother Sahibzada Zorawar singh and the place is now the site a famous 'Gurudwara Fatehgarh Sahib'.

History

The city is an historically important town north of Patiala, especially for the Sikh faith. Gurudwara Fatehgarh Sahib, marks the site of the live entombment of the two younger sons of the tenth Guru of the Sikhs, Sri Guru Gobind Singh on 12 December 1705, by the Governor of Sirhind, Wazir Khan [1], the place is the today commemorated by Gurdwara Fatehgarh Sahib, 5 km (3 miles) north of the Sirhind. [2]
It is named Fatehgarh, meaning Town of Victory, because in 1710 Sikhs under the leadership of Banda Bahadur overran the area and razed the fort (built during Balban's rule) to the ground.
Gurudwara Jyoti Sarup Sahib is about 1 km from Fatehgarh Sahib on Sirhind- Chandigarh road. It was at this place that the mortal remains of Mata Gujri, the mother of Guru Gobind Singh and his two younger sons, Fateh Singh and Zorawar Singh were cremated. Wazir Khan, the then Faujdar of Sirhind refused to allow the cremation of the bodies unless the land for the cremation was purchased by laying gold coins on it. Todar Mal, who was an ardent devotee of Guru Gobind Singh, purchased this place of land by offering gold coins as demanded. And thus etched his name in the annals of Sikh history and earned the salutation of Deewan.
The town has four memorial gates surrounding it, each in the memory of four important persons from the Sikh history associated with Sirhind. These are: Deewan Todar Mal, Nawab Sher Muhammed Khan, Baba Banda Singh Bahadur and Baba Moti Ram Mehra. All belonged to different castes/religions, thus depicting the harmony and brotherhood among people of those times.
Sirhind is famous for renowned Mujaddad Alif Saani - Sheikh Ahmad Farooqi Sirhindi(Rh), great sufi saint a founder and repairer of Naqshbandi- Majaddaddi school of Sufiism and graceism. His and his sons Hz. Masoom Sahib's and various others mausoleum is there, 200 metres (650') from Gurdwara Fateh Garh.
 

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Ferozepur

Ferozepur is a city in Ferozepur District in Punjab, India. Founded by Sultan Firuz Shah Tughluq (1351-88) on the banks of the Sutlej River, Ferozpur today is a transportation and administration center and an ancient city located on the banks of the Sutlej River, in the state of Punjab, India. It is a border town on the Indo-Pakistan border with memorials to India's freedom fighters.[1] Three heroic martyrs in India's struggle for freedom, Bhagat Singh, Rajguru and Sukhdev, were hanged in Lahore for their revolutionary activities against the British Government on March 23, 1931. They were cremated and their Samadhi is located in Hussainiwala on the Sutlej river bank.
Ferozepur also holds a historic place in Indian history as it was here that British Raj established control over much of North-West India as well as what is now Pakistan through the Anglo-Sikh Wars that were fought in this region. Today it is the headquarters of a brigade of the Northern Corps of the Indian Army. Shaheed Bhagat Singh College of Engg. and Technology is located at Moga road in Ferozepur. It is a Government Engg. College and has an excellent reputation.[2] Firozpur Cantonment is adjacent to and south of the city, during British times it was one of the largest Cantonments in the country.
Ferozepur has easy access by road and rail to other places such as Amritsar, Ludhiana, Jalandhar, Delhi, and Chandigarh, the city is a center of numerous holy shrines and historic places. At the nearby city of Zira a beautiful Jain Swetambar Temple with ancient brass icons and beautiful wall murals is located.
In addition to cotton and grain cultivation and agriculture-related services, Firozpur has some light manufacturing. Commercial progress has been restricted by its vicinity to the tense border with Pakistan. Normalizing relations between the two nuclear nations promise to raise the city's profile as a potential trade hub. Ferozepur is the oldest British district of the Punjab established in 1833 as district headquarters even well before Ludhiana and Amritsar became districts. Ferozepur district even after Partition included many areas which were later reorganised to be a part of the Faridkot, Moga, Muktsar and Bathinda Districts. The per hectare wheat yields of this district are comparable to best in the world and it matched wheat yields per hectare of Ontario Province in Canada

History

Prior to the Partition of India, Ferozpur had a large Muslim majority. According to the Partition Plan, all Muslim majority regions were to accede to Pakistan and all Hindu and Sikh majority regions to India. However, allegedly pro-Indian Lord Mountbatten changed the original partition map, drawn by Sir Radcliffe, handing over Gurdaspur, Ferozpur,Ambala and Mansa district to India. During the first week of partition massive violence erupted in Ferozpur, resulting in the slaughter of thousands of Muslims by Sikhs and Hindus. After the Partition a lot of movement had occurred from both sides of the Border. Today, Ferozpur has a Sikh and Hindu majority with a virtually non-existent Muslim population, as a result of the wide-scale massacres and immigration. There are a couple of Muslim families resided on the border side of Ferozpur and Pakistan, but have changed there faith to Sikhism and adapted the Sidhu surname.

Geography

Ferozepur city is to the South-West of Amritsar city and located some 109 km from Amritsar. Another nearby city to the North of Ferozepur is Tarn Taran. To the East is Ludhiana about 135 km away. In the West it has Kasur and Lahore in Pakistan across the International Border. Other nearby cities include Fazilka, Abohar, (located to the South-West of Ferozepur) to the North-East of Ferozepur are Nakodar, Kapurthala and Jalandhar, (located North-East of Ferozepur). The cities of Muktsar and Faridkot are South of Ferozpur.

Places of Interest

The Saragarhi Gurudwara was built here as most of the soldiers in the Battle of Saragarhi were from the Ferozepur district.
Hussainiwala - Apart from a lake, it is also the location of Bhagat Singh and his colleagues' Samadhi.
The Indo-Pak Border crossing and the change of guards ceremony each evening.
Harike waterworks and barrage and its adjoining wetlands.
Ferozeshah, a village some 22km from Ferozepur still has a Memorial raised by the British to pay respect to the soldiers killed in the Anglo-Sikh Wars fought there. Ferozshah also houses a very well kept and well preserved Museum which reminds one of the valour and bravery of the forces that fought there.

 

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Gurdaspur

Gurdaspur is a city in the state of Punjab, situated in the North-West part of the Republic of India. It is located in the center of and is the administrative head of Gurdaspur District. It was the location of a fort (later turned into a Brahmin monastery) which was famous for the siege it sustained in 1712 from the Mughals.

History

It is historically important in connection with the rise of the Sikh Confederacy. In the latter part of the 18th Century, the whole of the Punjab was distributed among the Sikh chiefs who triumphed over the Imperial Mughal governors. In the course of a few years, however, Maharaja Ranjit Singh acquired all the territory which those chiefs had held. Pathankot and the neighboring villages in the plain, together with the whole of the hill portion of the district, formed part of the area ceded by the Sikhs to the British after the First Anglo-Sikh War in 1845. In 1862, after receiving one or two additions, the district was brought into its present shape. In 1901 the population was 940,334, showing a slight decrease, compared with an increase of 15% in the previous decade.

Gurdaspur was founded by Sahib Deep Chand and was named after his grandfather Guriya in the beginning of 17th century. In his honour, this city was named Gurdaspur. He bought land for Gurdaspur from the Jats of the Sangi Gotra. Guriya, a Sanwal Brahmin of the Kaushal Gotra came from Paniar, a village situated 5 miles north of Gurdaspur. The ancestors of Guriya had come from Ayodhya and settled in Paniar. Guriya Ji had two sons Nawal Rai and Pala. The descendants of Nawal Rai settled in Gurdaspur and Nawal Rai’s son Baba Deep Chand was a contemporary of Guru Gobind Singh. It is believed that Guru Gobind Singh gave the title of Ganj Bakhsh (Owner Of Treasure) to Baba Deep Chand. The descendants of Baba Deep Chand are called Mahants

Gurdaspur was the last bastion of Banda Bahadur. Banda Bahadur's legend lives on in the poem "Bandabir", by the Indian Nobel prize winner Rabindranath Tagore. The poem, written in the Bengali language, has been translated into English, since

Geography

Gurdaspur is located at 32°02′N 75°31′E / 32.03, 75.52[2]. It has an average elevation of 242 metres (793 ft). The district comprises an area of 1889 km². It is bounded on the north by the Jammu region, of Jammu & Kashmir. Chamba, on the east by Kangra district and the Beas River, on the south by Amritsar district, and on the west by Sialkot, and occupies the submontane portion of the Ban Doab, or tract between the Beas and the Ravi River. The district includes sanatorium of Dalhousie mountain which stands 7687 ft. above sea-level. This station, which has a large fluctuating population during the warmer months, crowns the most westerly shoulder of a snowy range, the Dhauladhar, between which and the plain two minor ranges intervene. Below the hills stretches an undulating plateau covered with abundant timber, made green by a copious rainfall, and watered by the streams of the Ban Doab, which, diverted by dams and embankments, now empty their waters into the Beas directly, in order that their channels may not interfere with the Ban Doab canal. The district contains several large Jheels or swampy lakes, and is famous for its snipe-shooting. Pathankot is another town from which one has to pass to enter Jammu and Kashmir and Himachal Pradesh state.

Places of Interest

Fish Park - located near Civil Lines
One place to visit is Fish Park when visiting Gurdaspur. It is located near Civil Lines, a cluster of homes in the city. It is not uncommon to see locals exercising and spending time at Fish Park during evening and morning hours.
Fish Park once was an area of overgrown grass and weeds, and a pond was situated in the center. At the pond, one was able to purchase food for the fish and feed it to the fish in it. This was approximately ten to eleven years ago. A massive re-designing process took place a few years later, and that made Fish Park what it is today. Although there are no longer "fish" in the park, the center of the park has a statue of a fish, hence the name. The park is now well-manicured and well-kept by the city. It is a popular place to go to in the evening, where one may purchase snacks like popcorn, a kulfi, and freshly squeezed fruit juice.
Kabootri Darwaza - part of the old Gurdaspur Bazaar
Here one can find sweet-meat shops, enjoy Puri, Chhole and Lassi at its best, and every kind of sweet ranging from fresh hot Jalebis to pure Khoya Barfi.
Historically, Gurdaspur has its own importance. The great Mughal Emperor Akbar's Coronation site (Takhti-Akbari) is located in Kalanaur. Kalanaur is a small town located around 30km away from Gurdaspur.
 

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Hoshiarpur

Hoshiarpur is a city and a municipal council in Hoshiarpur district in the Indian state of Punjab. It was founded, according to tradition, during the early part of the 4th century. In 1809 it was occupied by the forces of Maharaja Karanvir Singh and was united under the greater state of Punjab. Hoshiarpur is also known as an ancient manufacturing town where colourful lacquer (formerly ivory) finished plastic inlay furniture is made.

History


The area of present Hoshiarpur was also part of Indus Valley Civilization. Recent excavations at various sites in the district have revealed that the entire area near the Shivalik foothills was selected for habitation not only by the early palaeolithic man but also by those in the protohistoric and historic periods. In the explorations, seven early Stone Age sited a Atbarapur, Rehmanpur and Takhni, 30-40 km north of Hoshiarpur District in the foothills of Shivalik, have been discovered where the stone artifacts have been found. Besides these excavations, among the archaeological remains in the Hoshiarpur District, the remains of temples at Dholbaha, 24 km north of Hoshiarpur, and especially the local legends throw valuable light on the ancient history of the district. The archaeological explorations made during the recent years have revealed the antiquity of the Hoshiarpur District to the Harappan Period. The sculptures and other findings excavated from Dholbaha pertain to the Gurjara Prathihara Period ( C-800-1100 A D). In the 10th Century A D Shiwalik areas came under the influence of Pratiharas. During that period, the art of the local tribes took a definite shape. In AD 965, Jaipal came to the throne and thus the Hindu Shahi style penetrated into the valley of Dholbaha. In AD 988, the rulers of Parmaras remained paramount power up to AD 1260. It is said that before the first Muhammadan invasion in 1174AD, Raja Shankar Dass built a fort on the site of the present town of Garhshankar, but it was taken by Mahmud Ghazni. After that this region was invaded by many Muslim rulers time to time and later on in 19th century was under Sikh rule before being occupied by Britishers until 1947.

Hoshiarpur was known as Chanchadhari-city between river vyas and Sutlej in old Hindu scriptures. This first account of this place was found in Hindu mythology, related to a story as it is said that many thousands of years ago the Lord of the universe and God of the three Lokas, Lord Sri Vishnu Narayana was having a sleep on the bed of the Cobra. The Goddess Lakshmi was respectfully nursing his feet. At the very same time, the Maharishi Bhrigu presented himself to the Vaykunth Loka at the entrance. Two Doorkeepers – Jai and Vijay - were standing at the entrance to the Vaykunth Loka. First, they welcomed Bhrigu Rishi, but then they told him to wait and not to enter right away, since Lord Sri Vishnu was sleeping. Not being allowed entrance to Lord Sri Vishnu Narayana, the Maharishi Bhrigu got very angry and said to Jai and Vijay: "By stopping the Maharishi Bhrigu you have insulted the most great Brahmin soul. Due to that you can get a curse, which will force you to be reborn on the Earth at least three times."While listening to this threat from Maharishi Bhrigu, Jai and Vijay both bended down their heads and were very silent. Now the Bhrigu Rishi could enter the door without anybody stopping him. The Maharishi Bhrigu then entered the place where Lord Sri Vishnu Narayana was sleeping with Goddess Lakshmi at his feet. When Bhrigu Rishi saw this, he became full of anger, because he thought that Lord Vishnu was not really sleeping, but only pretending to sleep just to insult him. This was the time, when the Maharishi Bhrigu with his right leg kicked the chest of Lord Sri Vishnu. When he was hit Lord Vishnu opened his eyes and stood up. Lord Vishnu was astonished to see the Bhrigu Rishi standing there. So he bended down his head, folded his hands, and said to Bhrigu Rishi: "My Lord, my chest is the strongest thing in the world, like a mountain, but your feet are so soft. Maybe you got hurt while kicking me. So please forgive me for that."While listening to the words of Lord Vishnu, the Bhrigu Rishi got very calm and felt very guilty, and he asked the God please to forgive him. As all this happened, Lakshmi, the Goddess of wealth, got very angry, and she said to Maharishi Bhrigu: "By behaving this badly towards my husband, you have insulted me. Therefore I now give a curse, so that you and your fellow Brahmins will always live in poverty begging for your living. I will never come to your home."After listening to this the Bhrigu Rishi said: " Hey Lakshmi! Whatever crime I did was in anger, and I have already asked the Lord Sri Vishnu to forgive me. By not thinking very nicely, you have now given this curse to me and my fellow Brahmins. But anyway, what has happened has happened. I will now write a Jyotish Grantha, from which the Brahmins can predict all about the past, present and future of every person in the world. They will get good knowledge as well as good earnings from this. They will be able to earn their livelihood. And this way you have got to come to their home anyhow!"Having said this Maharishi Bhrigu went back to his ashram, and wrote his book known as "Bhrigu Samhita" which contains the life-stories of the past, present and future of all the people in the world on the basis of their Janma-kundalies. First of all, Bhrigu Rishi taught the principles of this Grantha to his own son and disciple Shukra. And from the lips of Shukra it was little by little distributed to the Brahmins all over the world. The ashram of Bhrigu rishi was in Hoshiarpur and the Bhrigu samhita was placed in this city. In ancient India, it was very important center for learning astrology. Many people use to come here in search of the predictions about their life. But with invasions of non Hindu rulers, the part of Bhrigu Samhita was destroyed, relocated or looted. Still today, there are many astrologers describing themselves descendent's of Bhrigu are doing business and claim to possess part of Bhrigu Samhita written on leaves. And this was the main reason that Hoshiarpur was famous in ancient and medieval India.

Geography


Hoshiarpur is located at 31.53, 75.92. It has an average elevation of 296 metres (971 feet). Hoshiarpur district is located in the north-east part of the Indian state of Punjab. It falls in the Jalandhar Revenue Division and is situated in the Bist Doab portion of the Doaba region. Its coordinates lie at North Latitude 30 Degree-9 and 32 degree-05 and East Longitude 75 degree -32 and 76 degree -12’. Hoshiarpur shares a common boundary with Kangra and Una districts of Himachal Pardesh in the north east. In the southwest, it borders the Jalandhar and Kapurthala districts of Punjab and in the northwest it borders Gurdaspur District (of Punjab). hoshiarpur pupulation (427,987)(2007).Hoshiarpur is also known as `CITY OF MANGOES´.

 

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Jalandhar

Jalandhar ( ਜਲੰਧਰ ) known as Jullundur, is an ancient city in Jalandhar District in the state of Punjab, India. It has an urban population of almost a million, and another million live in the rural areas outside the city.
The city is well known for its production of traditional Indian Sweets, sports equipment, leather goods and rubber goods, and auto parts. Many major leather manufacturers are based there, the largest being Gee Kay International who supply a variety of leather products ranging from garments to tool bags around the world. Many major sports equipment manufacturers such as BAS, Bhaseen Sports (Baspo),Soccer International, Spartan and F.C. Sondhi are based there. In sports goods, some the world's best known equipment and products for football, cricket, and hockey are made in Jalandhar. Major sports giants such as Adidas, Reebok, Dunns, and Mitre outsource from Jalandhar. Current mayor is Rakesh Rathore
Jalandhar was a hub of green revolution of India in early 60s. Dr. Dilbag Singh Athwal, world renowned scientist in plant breeding, developed India's first high yield wheat KALYAN. The wheat he name afer his native village Kalyanpur 6 miles (9.7 km) southwest of city of Jalandhar. Later Dr. Athwal headed International Rice Research Institute, International Agricultural Development Service etc. Dr. Athwal took early retirement from his position as senior vice president Rockefeller Institute. The village Kalyanpur (now part of Jalandhar city) have produced prominent scientist including Dr. Raghbir Singh, Dr. Rajbir Kaur, Dr. Iqbal Singh Athwal.
Jalandhar is the world's biggest manufacturer of leather tool pouches and aprons with major American and European customers buying from factories in Jalandhar. \
Jalandhar being the NRI Belt and having large number of marriage palaces, Jalandhar has a huge consumption of fresh flowers, with world renowned florists like Meera Florist providing the service. Recently Ludhiana district have developed more marriage palaces, and have American based companies because being the second largest district of NRI residents the Ludhiana city is the hub of Punjab.
Jalandhar is also famous for its surgical tool industry. Jalandhar produces a large number of surgical tools. Big companies like Camlin outsource their production here. The city boasts of having the largest number of hospitals in Asia. A place called Basti Sheikh has many cottage projects which run without any help of the Punjab government.[citation needed]
Jalandhar also has the biggest printing industry in India. Major publishing and advertising companies like, MBD, Aay Bee advertisers have their main offices in Jalandhar.
Jalandhar is seeing an increasing growth of technology investment, with headquarters and operational centres from the likes of Dell and Microsoft being set up. Jalandhar is also the home of the headquarters of Kayako.
Jalandhar is famous for its sports industry, but very few know the name of Hindustan Hydraulics who pioneered the manufacturing of high-tech CNC machines for sheet metal industry. The company has its customers not only in India but in countries like Germany, Holland, USA who are better known for the manufacturing of machine tools around the world.
Jalandhar is also quite known for its electrical goods industry. Manufacturers like Standard Switchgears and Apex Electricals, located in Jalandhar, have been producing world-class electrical switchgears for over three decades.

History

After the first Anglo-Sikh war, Maharaja Dalip Singh was compelled to cede a part of his territory which had earlier formed part of his empire. Article III of First Treaty of Lahore said, "Maharaja cedes to the Hon'able Company in perpetual sovereignty, all his forts, territories and rights in the Doab or Country, bill and plain, situated between the rivers Beas and Sutlej. Thus the whole of Jalandhar passed into the hands of the Britishers by the treaty of Lahore on March 9, 1846. Sir John Lawrence was made the first Commissioner of the ceded territory.
Bosworth Smith writes, "John Lawrence lost no time in buckling down to his work.. It was on March 1,1846 that he received his appointment from the Governor-General at Umritsar(Amritsar), and by the 30th of the same month the Governor-General was paying him a return visit at Jullundur, where he had already got well on with the most difficult task of the ruler of a newly annexed province, the settlement of its revenue."
To begin with the districts of (1)Jalandhar (2)Hoshiarpur (3)Ludhiana (4) Ferozepur and (5) Kangra constituted this Division. After the partition of India(especially Punjab) in 1947, Amritsar District and a greater part of Gurdaspur were transferred to India and these were added to Jalandhar Division.
In 1956, after the merger of PEPSU into Punjab, the District of Kapurthala was also added to Jalandhar Division. When the reorganisation of Punjab took place on 1st November,1966 and Himachal and Haryana were carved out as the new States, whole of Kangra, some parts of Hoshiarpur and Gurdaspur Districts went over to Himachal. Thus in 1973, District of Ludhiana was transferred to Patiala Division. Jalandhar Division was left with the existing five Districts namely Jalandhar, Kapurthala, Amritsar, Gurdaspur and Hoshiarpur.

Geography

Jalandhar is located at 31°20′N 75°35′E / 31.33°N 75.58°E in Punjab. It has an average elevation of 229 metres (751 feet).
The city is located almost 375 km from Delhi, 150 km from Chandigarh and about 80 km from Amritsar. Jalandhar is named after Jalandhara, a demon king who lived in water as his name suggests Jal (water) and andhar (in). It was the capital of Punjab until 1953, when it was replaced by Chandigarh. During British occupation it was called Jullundur.
 

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Kapurthala

Kapurthala is a city in Punjab state of India. It is the administrative headquarters of Kapurthala District. It was the former capital of princely state of British India of the same name. The secular and aesthetic mix of the city with its prominent buildings based on French and Indo-Saracenic style of architecture self-narrate its princley past and once earned this small town in the Punjab the sobriquet of Paris of Punjab.


History


The history of the Town of Kapurthala goes back as early as the 11th Century when it's said to have been founded by Rana Kapur, a scion of the ruling house of Jaisalmer (Rajasthan). The present royal family of Kapurthala is descended from Nawab Jassa Singh Ahluwalia, a contemporary of Nadir Shah and Ahmad Shah, who by his intelligence and bravery made himself the leading Sikh of his day. At one time it held possessions on both sides of the Sutlej, and also in the Bari Doab. The cis-Sutlej estates and scattered tracts in the Bari Doab were forfeited owing to the hostility of the chief in the First Sikh War; but the latter were afterwards restored in recognition of the loyalty of Raja Randhir Singh during the mutiny of 1857, when he led a contingent to Oudh which did good service. He also received a grant of land in Oudh, 700 m² in extent, yielding a gross rental of 89,000. In Oudh, however, he exercises no sovereign powers, occupying only the status of a large landholder, with the title of Raja-i-Rajagan.
Raja Sir Jagatjit Singh, K.C.S.I., was born in 1872, succeeded his father in 1877, and attained his majority in 1890. During the Tirah expedition of 1897-98 the Kapurthala imperial service infantry took a prominent part. The territory is crossed by the railway from Jalandhar to Amritsar. The state has a large export trade in wheat, sugar, and cotton. The hand-painted cloths and metal-work of Phagwara are well known. The town of Kapurthala is approximately 20 Kilometers from Jalandhar.

Geography

Kapurthala is located at 31°23′N 75°23′E / 31.38°N 75.38°E. It has an average elevation of 225 metres (738 feet).

Places of Interest


The City of Kapurthala has several buildings and places of interest linked to its local history such as the Sainik School (Formerly Jagatjit Palace), Shalamar Bagh (Gardens), District Courts buildings, Moorish Mosque, Panch Mandir ("Five Temples"), Clock Tower, State Gurudwara, Kanjli Wetlands, Guru Nanak Sports Stadium, Jagjit Club, and the NJSA Government college.
Sainik School (Jagatjit Palace)
It has the much renowned Sainik School, formerly known as Jagatjit Palace, is housed in what was formerly the palace of the erstwhile Maharajah of Kapurthala state, HRH Maharajah Jagatjit Singh. The palace building has a spectacular architecture based on the Palace of Versailles and Fontainebleau spread over a total area of 200 acres. It was designed by a French architect M. Marcel. Its magnificent Durbar Hall (Diwan-E-Khas) is one of the finest in India and the Plaster of Paris figures and painted ceilings represent the finest features of French art and archiecture. The construction of this palace was commenced in 1900 and completed in 1908.
Elysee Palace
The Elysee Palace was built by Kanwar Bikrama Singh in 1862. This magnificent building with its imposing and elegant facade has now been converted into MGN School of Kapurthala.
Moorish Mosque
A spectacular example of the secular history of Kapurthala is the Moorish Mosque, a famous replica of the Grand Mosque of Marakesh, Morocco, was built by a French architect, Monsieur M Manteaux. Its construction was commissioned by the last ruler of Kapurthala, Maharajah Jagatjit Singh and took 13 years to complete between 1917 and 1930. It was then consecrated in the presence of the late Nawab of Bhawalpur. The Mosque's inner dome contains decorations by the artists of the Mayo School of Art, Lahore. The Mosque is a National Monument under the Archeological Survey of India. It was one of the monumental creations in the State during the premiership of late Diwan Sir Abdul Hamid Kt., CIE,OBE.It was his keen interest with Maharaja's blessings that the mosque was completed. Its wooden model lay at the entrance of the Lahore Museum
Jagatjit Club
Jagatjit Club is an elegant building situated in the heart of the city based on the Greek Revival style of architecture. Its design loosely resembles the Acropolis of Athens and features the Coat of Arms of the erstwhile ruling family of Kapurthala with their royal motto "Pro Rege et Patria" (For King and country) on its pediment. The building has been used for a variety of purposes since it was constructed, it was used as a church in the early nineteenth century, as a cinema hall in the 1940s and now houses a local club. it is also known as jagjit club
Shalimar Gardens
Shalimar Gardens are situated in roughly the centre of the city and provide an escape from the hustle-bustle of the city. The Shahi Samadhs (The Royal Cenotaphs) in the Shalimar Gardens emphasise the traditions of its ruling Dynasty. Marble obelisks inside the red sandstone Chambers, are Memorials to the former Rulers and their families. Nearby, a grand structure built in 1880 and built on a marble plinth, houses the Samadhs of Maharajas Kharak Singh, Jagatjit Singh and Paramjit Singh.
Gurudwara Ber Sahib
The famous Gurudwara Ber Sahib is situated at Sultanpur Lodhi, which is one of the four sub-divisions (Tehsil) of Kapurthala. This historic site is of great importance to Sikhism as it is said to be the very place where the First Guru of Sikhs, Guru Nanak, spent 14 years of his life and attained enlightenment whilst bathing in a small rivulet, the Bein. The place derives its name from a Ber tree (Zizyphus Jujuba) said to be planted by Guru Nanak himself and under which he first uttered the Mool Mantra or the "Sacred Word or Revelation" of Sikhism.
Kanjli Wetlands
Kanjli Wetlands, on the western Bein rivulet at the outskirts of the city, has been included in under the Ramsar Convention. It is a a very popular site for bird watching and boating. An enormous project is currently being undertaken here to develop it into a destination for bird watching replete with modern day facilities. Sadly the Kanjli Wetlands have been in a state of neglect lately with little attention being given by the authorities to the condition of flora and fauna and it's surrounding infrastructure.
Pushpa Gujral Science City
In 2005, the Governor of Punjab, Lt. Gen (retd) S.F Rodrigues, inaugurated the Pushpa Gujral Science City or simply known as the Science City. A joint venture between the state government and the Government of India,located on Jalandhar-Kapurthala, Highway. This project has been designed as an institution of excellence, for meeting both educational and recreational purposes. Despite being a recent development, it is now fast promoting itself as a tourist attraction, providing facilities for an informal science education through a more recreational aspect. Some of the attractions range from purely recreational adventure sports such as rock-climbing, aero-ballooning, boating to demonstrating learning in the field of nano-technology, micro-machines, levitation and genomics etc. Pushpa Gujral Science City is also coming up as Entertainment Capital having 23 meter diameter Dome Theatre showing Large Format Films (IMax) on 10 times larger screen than ordinary cinema hall screens. Other world class attractions are Flight Simulator, 3D Cinema, LASER Show, Earthquake Simulator and more than 200 interactive exhibits on Physics, Mechanical, Optics, Health, Space, Aviation, Fun Science etc.
 

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Ludhiana

Ludhiana (ਲੁਧਿਆਣਾ) is a city and a municipal corporation in Ludhiana district in the Indian state of Punjab. It is the largest city in Punjab, with an estimated population of 1.4 million. The population increases substantially during the crop harvesting season due to immigration of laborers from states like Uttar Pradesh, Bihar and Delhi. It has an area of about 310 km². The city stands on the Sutlej River's old bank, 13 km south of its present course.It is a major industrial center of northern India.

History


Ludhiana gets its name from the Lodhi Dynasty, which is believed to have founded the city in 1480. During the reign of the Mughal emperor Akbar the area formed part of the sarkar or Sirhind. In the latter period of Mughal rule the western part of the district was leased to the Rais of Raikot, by the early eighteen century they had become semi independent of the Mughals. In 1747 Ahmad Shah Durrani invaded and battled the imperial army near Khanna, although the Mughals were able to stop Ahmad Shah - his subsequent invasions weakened the Mughals, which allowed the Rais to take control of Ludhiana town in 1760.[1]

During the reign of Maharaja Ranjit Singh, Ludhiana became an important British cantonment. Initially, in 1805, Ranjit Singh occupied Ludhiana. However, in 1809, the British decided to curb his advance eastward and sent troops to confront him. Ranjit Singh was forced to sign the treaty of 'perpetual friendship' with the British, which confined his activities to the right bank of the Sutlej. British troops were permanently stationed in Ludhiana and the Cis-Sutlej states came under British protection.

Geography

Ludhiana is one of the centrally located district which falls in the Malwa region of the state of Punjab.It is located on the Grand Trunk Roadfrom Delhi to Amritsar.

For administrative purposes it has been placed in the Patiala Division. It lies between north latitude 30°-34' and 31°-01' and east longitude 75°-18' and 76°-20'. It is bounded on the north by the Satluj River, which separates it from Jalandhar district. The river also forms its northern boundary with Hoshiarpur district. On other sides it shares common boundaries with Rupnagar district in the east, Moga district in the west, and Sangrur and Patiala districts in the south and southeast, respectively.

 

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Muktsar


Muktsar is a city and a municipal council in Muktsar district in the Indian state of Punjab. Muktsar's old name was Khidrane dee dhab ( ਖਿਦਰਾਣੇ ਦੀ ਢਾਬ ). Situated at a distance of 45 Kms from faridkot and 50 Kms from Ferozepur, Muktsar is famous for its Sikh shrines. Muktsar also has a number of Gurudwaras such Tuttu Gandi Sahib, Tibbi Sahib, Tambu Sahib etc. which commemorate incidents from the life of Guru Gobind Singh ji. Gurudwara janamsthan Guru Angad Dev Ji and Gurudwara Chhateana Sahib are also situated in Muktsar District.

According to census of 2001, Muktsar has total population of 7,77,493. The percentage of rural population to the total population is 74.46% . Muktsar has population density of 297 persons per sq. Km compared to 484 persons per sq km of the Punjab, which is the lowest in Punjab. There are 891 women for every 1000 men in the district. The Scheduled Castes form 37.75% of the total population in this district. The population of Muktsar District has increased at the rate of 18.80% from 1991 to 2001 against 20.10% for the whole state.

The Maghi Mela ( ਮੇਲਾ ਮਾਘੀ ) held in the town of Muktsar, a day after Lohri (13 January) is very famous. Held every January it is to commemorate the valour of 40 Muktas, (or the liberated ones), who laid down their lives following Sri Guru Gobind Singh into the battle-field of Khidrana ( ਖਿਦਰਾਨੇ ਦੀ ਢਾਬ ). The huge Mela is held at an open space mainly on the Bathinda & Malout roads. People from all over the world, come to Muktsar on this day to take a dip in the holy sarovar. Traditionally a horse fair was also held on this occasion but it is not held anymore.


History


Muktsar has a proud heritage. It is known as the last battlefield of Guru Gobind Singh, which proved to be a most decisive conflict in the military history of the Sikhs. Literally the name of this city means "the pool of liberation". The forty Sikh warriors who fought to death here against the Mughal Empire more than three centuries ago are remembered by a grand festival held here every January, which attracts devotees from all over the world.

Guru Gobind Singh Ji, fought his last battle against Mughals in 1705 A.D. at Muktsar. During fighting, 40 disciples of Guru Ji know as ‘40 Muktas’ ( 40 liberated ones ) sacrificed their lives. These 40 Sikhs were those who insisted that Guru Ji should leave the Anandpur Sahib fort, when it was besieged by Mughal army. Guru Ji had than asked these followers to leave him if they so desired but they should give him in written that he is not their guru and they are not his Sikh i.e. followers. When these Sikhs returned to their homes in Majha territory of Punjab, they were not welcomed by family members as they had left the Guru at time of trouble. They were overcome by shame and not in a position to face Guru Gobind Singh Ji again. On learning that Guru Ji was in region of present Muktsar the 40 Sikhs lead by Bhai Mahan Singh and accompanied by Mai Bhago, an illustrious lady in Sikh history, left their homes to help him. At that time Mughal army was searching for Guru ji. A pitched battle was fought near a pond called Khidrane di Dhab. The 40 sikhs fought valiantly for guru ji and achieved martyrdom. The outcome was in favour of Sikhs. Mughal forces failed in capturing or harming Guru Sahib and fled from battle field. After the battle was over, Guru Ji visited the battle field. One of the 40 Sikhs, Sardar Mahan Singh was about to die, Guru Ji took his head in his arms and asked what did he want? Sardar Mahan Singh requested Guru Ji to tear the paper (Bedawa), they had given to him at Anandpur Sahib ‘you are not our guru and we are not your followers’. On this Guru Ji tore the bedawa . These 40 Sikhs were henceforth called 40 Muktas. The city that grew at the site of the battle was called Muktsar after them. Mela Maghi, a famous fair of Punjab, is celebrated at Muktsar on next day after Lohri every year as a tribute to those 40 Muktsar.

Geography


Muktsar District is located in South Western Zone of Punjab. It lies between 30◦ 69’ and 29◦ 87’ latitude and 74◦ 21’ and 74◦ 86’ longitude. It is bounded by States of Rajasthan and Haryana in the South, district Faridkot in North, Firozpur in West and Bathinda in the East

Places of Interest



Muktsar and surrounding areas of Muktsar city is intimately connected with Sikh history. Tutti Gandi Gurudwara Sahib, Tibbi Sahib, Gurudawra Rakab sar, Gurudwara Taran Taran Sahib are worth a visit to get a peep into the glorious era of Sikh tradition. The birth place of Second Guru, Guru Angad Dev ji is at Sarai Naga 15kms from Muktsar on Muktsar- Kotkapura highway.

There is a beautiful old mosque called Angooran Wali maseet situated near Railway Station at Muktsar.

One historical Gurdwara Guptsar Sahib is situated at village Chhatteana in Gidderbaha tehsil about 24 Kms from Muktsar. Some historical Gurdwara at Rupana, Gurusar, Faqarsar & Bhundar are situated in Muktsar district.
 

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Mansa

Mansa is a city and a municipal council in Mansa district in the Indian state of Punjab. It is the administrative headquarters of Mansa district.
The population is Punjabi-speaking and is wedded to the culture of the Malwa belt of Punjab.
The district has an area of 2174 km² and a population of 688,630 (2001 census), with a population density of 317 persons per km². The district is roughly triangular in shape, and is bounded on the northwest by Bathinda District, on North by Barnala District on the northeast by Sangrur District, and on the south by Haryana state. The district is divided into three tehsils, Budhlada, Mansa, and Sardulgarh. The Ghaggar River flows through Sardulgarh tehsil and Bhakhda river near Jhunir in the southwestern corner of the district. It is situated on the rail line between Bathinda-Jind-Delhi section and also situated on Barnala-Sardulgarh-Sirsa Road.
Mansa is situated in the cotton belt of Punjab and therefore fondly called the "Area of white gold". Indeed agriculture forms the backbone of the district economy. During the months of November and December a visitor to this part of Punjab shall be the proud witness to the pristine, milky white bloom of cotton, as nature blossoms in her full glory. The view is indeed breath taking. While traversing the countryside, one gets a feeling of sailing through clouds. Industrially, the district is very deficient, yet some trade and industry is being carried out in urban areas. Major Project of Thermal Power Plant is going to construct soon in 2008 which will start producing power by 2012.

History


The town is said to have been founded by Bhai Gurdas who hailed from Dhingar, Distt. Mansa. He is said to have been married at this place among the Dhaliwal Jat Sikh. Once he came to his in-laws to take his wife along with him but they refused to send her. At this, Bhai Gurdas sat in meditation before the house of his in-laws. After some time, the parents of the girl agreed to send their daughter with Bhai Gurdas. But he refused to take her along with him, stating that he had now renounced the worldly way of life. In his memory, his Smadh was constructed where a fair is held every year in March-April. People in large numbers attend the fair and offer Laddus and Gur at Smadh. Class ‘A’ municipality has been functioning in the town since 1952.


Geography

Mansa is located at 29.98°N 75.38°E. It has an average elevation of 212 metres (695 feet).
 

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Moga

Moga is a city and a municipality in Moga district in the Indian state of Punjab. Moga is also considered as an NRI district of Punjab.
It was declared 17th District in the state of Punjab State on 24th day of November 1995, by then Chief Minister Harcharan Singh Brar. Before this, Moga was a part of Faridkot District as a tehsil. Moga town, the headquarter of the District, is situated on the National Highway 95 (NH-95 Ferozpur-Ludhiana road). The area of Dharamkot block with 150 villages has been merged into Moga district, which falls under the jurisdiction of Ferozpur division.


History

Moga, famous for world renowned Nestle, is the 17th District drawn on the map of Punjab State on 24th day of November 1995. Before this, Moga was a part of Faridkot District. Moga town, the headquarter of the District, is situated on the Ferozpur-Ludhiana road. The area of Dharamkot block with 150 villages has been emerged in Moga district, which falls under the jurisdiction of Ferozpur division.Lala Lajpat Rai, an author and politician who is chiefly remembered as a leader in the Indian fight for freedom from the British Raj was born on January 28, 1865 in village Dhudi Ke, in present day Moga district of Punjab, India. He was the eldest son of Munshi Radha Kishan Azad and Gulab Devi, Aggarwal Banias. However, Rai was a practicing Hindu and believed as many Punjabi Hindus do, in the teachings of Sikhism. He spent much of his youth in Jagraon, district Ludhiana, Punjab. His house still stands tall in Jagraon and houses a Library and museum.He was also the founder Punjab National Bank and Lakshmi Insurance Company.

Geography

Moga is located at 30.8°N 75.17°E. It has an average elevation of 217 metres (711 feet).Moga district is bordered by Jalandhar district in the north, Ludhiana district in the East, Sangrur in the South and Faridkot and Ferozpur in the West. It stretches between longitude 75 degree - 15, 75 degree - 25 east and latitude 30 degree - 35 and 31 degree 15 North. It spreads over an area on 2230 km2, which comes to 4.42 % of the Punjab State. The average annual rainfall of district was 234.5 mm by the year 1999.
 

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Mohali

Mohali ( ਮੋਹਾਲੀ ) is a city adjacent to Chandigarh, 18th District in Punjab, India. It is officially named after the eldest son of Guru Gobind Singh, Sahibzada Ajit Singh (SAS Nagar, or "House of Sahibzada Ajit Singh"). It along with Chandigarh and Panchkula form a part of the Chandigarh Tricity or Chandigarh Capital Region. It was earlier a part of the Rupnagar District, and was carved out into a separate district in the recent years.

History

Mohali was conceived after the trifurcation of Punjab and its capital Chandigarh becoming a Union Territory in late 1966. Today, Mohali and Chandigarh are contiguous areas with only the boundary of Punjab and UT of Chandigarh dividing this area. The original plan of Mohali is in fact a mere extension of the road and design system of Chandigarh without any unique planning. The development earlier was only till Phase VII. The development of sectors and phases from Phase 8 onwards started in late 1980s, and the city got its own bus stand in Phase 8 in mid 1990s. In 2006, Mohali's population is near 200,000, approximately 1/5 of Chandigarh's. The region has been targeted by an increasing number of outsourcing IT companies, who look to capitalize on the rich investment opportunities the city offers.
Mohali and Panchkula are under the consideration of Punjab and now a days Mohali is a separate district of punjab.

Geography

Mohali has a sub-tropical continental monsoon climate characterized by a seasonal rhythm: hot summers, slightly cold winters, unreliable rainfall and great variation in temperature (-1 °C to 44 °C). In winter, frost sometimes occurs during December and January. The average annual rainfall is recorded at 617 mm. The city also receives occasional winter rains from the west.
Average temperature
Summer: The temperature in summer may rise to a maximum of 44°C. Temperatures generally remain between 35°C and 42°C. Autumn: In autumn, the temperature may rise to a maximum of 36°C. Temperatures usually remain between 16° and 27° in autumn. The minimum temperature is around 13°C. Winter: Average temperatures in winter (November to February) remain at (max) 7°C to 15 °C and (min) -2°C to 5°C. Spring: spring temperatures vary between (max) 16°C and 25°C and (min) 9°C and 18°C.

Places of Interest


ROCK GARDEN

Rock Garden is one of the excellent places of interest in Chandigarh which is known worldwide. Rock Garden is known for displaying art objects, produced from industrial and urban waste. Rock Garden is spread to almost 20 acres of land with option for open air exhibition hall, theatre hall and a miniature place which houses fantasy work of art and landscape. The Rock Garden is an excellent and unique piece of an artwork.

SUKHNA LAKE

This natural striking Sukhna Lake set along the foothills of Shivalik range is an excellent spot where water sports activities are well hosted like boating, yachting, water skiing, etc.

Bamboo Valley: Bamboo Valley spreads to an area of about 27.5 acres. Bamboo Valley has almost 15 species of trees along with options for bamboo grooves from which the name “Bamboo Valley” is derived. The entire area showcases the outlook of the grassy countryside with options for bamboo plantations.

Botanical Garden: The Botanical Garden was founded in 2002 and comprises almost 15 botanical segments with the primary aim of promoting education and research. Besides, the garden promoted eco tourism and was spreading awareness about our floral tradition.

Leisure Valley: Leisure Valley is mainly a theme gardens which was established to beautify the city

Sukhna Wildlife Sanctuary: This sanctuary covers almost to an area of about 2600 hectares. Sukhna Lake is located along the foothills of Shivalik Hills. Varied species of flora and fauna are found in this sanctuary. The prominent animals found in the sanctuary are monkey, hare, porcupines, squirrels, and sambar, jackal, wild boar, and jungle cats. Cobra, viper, Indian Python are some of the well known reptiles that are frequently seen in this sanctuary. Birds like Red jungle fowl, Grey partridge, Cuckoos, Night jars, Golden Oriole, Kingfisher, Swifts, Hoopoes, Hombills, Barbets, Woodpeckers, Rollers, Barn owls, Parrots, Doves, and Myna are even part of the sanctuary.

 
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Nawan Shehar

Shaheed Bhagat Singh Nagar (Nawanshahr) District is situated on the right bank of mighty river Sutlej. It is situated at a distance of 92 Kms from Chandigarh. It is surrounded by four districts. The west border of the District touches Jalandhar, east border with Roop Nagar, northern border meets with District Hoshiarpur and its southern border touches Ludhiana and Kapurthala Districts. The town 'Shaheed Bhagat Singh Nagar (Nawanshahr)', is said to have been built during the reign of Alaudin Khilji (1295-1316) by his Afgan Military Chief Nausher Khan. Previously, it was called 'Nausar' but with the passage of time, the town came to be known as 'The Nawanshahr. Nausher Khan had constructed five forts known as Havelis, whose remains still exist. One more belief is that most of the people who were afraid of River Satluj came from Rahon to Shaheed Bhagat Singh Nagar (Nawanshahr) and settled in a small locality and according to folk talk, the area of the present Shaheed Bhagat Singh Nagar (Nawanshahr) was known as `Neevan Vashon' after that it became famous as Shaheed Bhagat Singh Nagar (Nawanshahr).
This District was carved out of Hoshiarpur and Jalandhar Districts of Punjab in November 7, 1995 on the auspicious occasion of birthday of Sri Guru Nanak Dev Ji as the Sixteenth District of Punjab. For administrative purposes, Shaheed Bhagat Singh Nagar (Nawanshahr) District forms part of Jalandhar Division. For the purpose of general and revenue administration, the district on the principal of decentralisation of authority in the administration set up has been divided into two Tehsils viz, Shaheed Bhagat Singh Nagar (Nawanshahr) (including Banga Sub Tehsil) and Balachaur.
Shaheed Bhagat Singh, the great martyr was born in village Khat Kar Kalan, which is situated at distance of 7 km from the city of Shaheed Bhagat Singh Nagar (Nawanshahr). In the honour of the Supreme Sacrifice made by him for the nation and to commemorate the memory of this great son of the soil, vide notification No.19/7 (7-L-R-I/7929) dated 29.9.2008 of the Government of Punjab District Shaheed Bhagat Singh Nagar (Nawanshahr) has been renamed as Shaheed Bhagat Singh Nagar.



History

shaheed bhagat singh nagar district was created out of Hoshiarpur and Jalandhar districts of Punjab on November 7, 1995, as the sixteenth district of Punjab State named from the headquarters town of Nawanshahr. Nawanshahr town is said to have been built by an Afghan Military Chief, Nausher Khan. Previously it was called "Nausar" but with the passage of time, the town came to be known "The Nawanshahr". Nawanshahr has been the stronghold of the Ghorewaha Rajputs.
Nawanshahr became the District in 1995 with the strong efforts of Late S.Dilbag Singh, Former Cabinet Minister and the then MLA of Nawanshahr. People of this district are economically sound. Large numbers of families from the district have settled abroad. Consequently huge remittance is being received back in India which contributes to the district's economic development and prosperity. The prosperity of Doaba area can be appreciated by the fact that price of land here is sky-scraping and almost far more than most of the districts in the state except Ludhiana, and Chandigarh. Nawanshahr is rising due to the currency coming from NRI Punjabi people who have settled abroad. Nawanshahr also has a rail track connecting it with Jalandhar, Rahon and Jaijon. Many landmarks have been set up in this district by prominent people like S. Balkar Singh Dyal, S. Sadhu Singh Shergill, Dr. Amarjit Singh, S. Gurcharn S. Shergill. Two organisations have been set up by them like Sadhu Singh DAV Public School at Mukandpur, Amardeep Singh Shergill Memorial College Mukandpur, Dhahan Kaleran Charitable Hospital, the Sai College at Jadla,Guru Nanak College for girls Urapar etc. They also stand as prototype model for other rural areas of Punjab. Shivalik Public School & K.C.Group of institutions also add to the Glory of Shahid Bhagat Singh Nagar.
This region has abundant health facilities. Here Private clinics and Nursing homes not only surprise with their numbers but also some of them claim to have latest medical equipments. There are adequate number of Government Hospitals, Dispensaries and Primary Health Centers in this area. The hospitals in Nawanshahr have capacity of 64 beds and are equipped with latest medical tools. Banga and Balachaur hospitals are having capacity of 30 beds each. Also Mukandpur, Urapar, Sujjon, Saroya and Muzzaffarpur are provided all kinds of health services. Even for every village of the district health services are available. Veterinary hospitals are available in Nawanshahr, Rahon, Saroya and Balachaur.
On September 27, 2008 at Khatkar Kalan, eight km from Nawanshahr, the Punjab government announced that a district in the state would be named after freedom fighter Bhagat Singh. The announcement was made by Punjab Chief Minister Parkash Singh Badal at the ancestral village of the Shahid Bhagat Singh to mark his 101st birth anniversary and Nawanshahr district was renamed Shahid Bhagat Singh Nagar.


Geography

Nawanshahr district is located at 31.8°N 76.7°E.

Places of Interest

This Doaba area, beautiful amalgamation of plane and hills, has several religious places. Even in today’s modern world people believe in spiritual and religious activities. This piece of land has blessings of many Saints, Guru’s, Peer’s and Faquir’s. Many Gurudwaras, Temples and Mosques had been built in different parts of the district in their memories.

Ancient Temple in Rahon. Mausoleum of Tara Singh Geba, Centuries old temples at Gadi Kanungo’s, Bhaddi, Aur, Sahiba and Mosque’s in Muslim’s populated villages, mirrored the spiritual dedication of the people.

Gurudwara NanakSar, Hakimpur
Gurudwara Charan Kanwal, Patshahi 6th ,Jindowal (Banga)
Gurudwara Gurpalah, village Sontra
Gurudwara Gurpartap, village Chak Guru
Gurudwara Panj Tahli, village Chak Guru
Gurudwara Malla Sodian
Gurudwara Guru Harrai Danda Sahib Sandhwan Farala
Gurudwara Panj Tirth Patshahi 6th , Laroya
Gurudwara Salwana Sahib
Gurudwara Guru Har Rai Ji, Dosanj Khurd
Gurudwara Shahidan, Urapar
Gurudwara Shahidganj, Talwandi Jattan
Gurudwara Tahli Sahib, Nawanshahr
Gurudwara Manji Sahib, Nawanshahr
Gurudwara Gola Shah, Gurudwara Mata Sahib Kaur, Banga
Suraj Kund, Rahon
Gurudwara Tahli Sahib, Daulatpur
Dera Prem Pura
Mandir Sidh Baba Jambu Ji
Gurudwara Baba Gurditta, Chandpur Rurki
Roja Sharif, Mandhali
Baba Balraj Mandir Balachaur
Chushma, 7 Km away from Balachaur towards Garshankar
Gurudwara Tahli Sahib Sudha Majra (Balachaur)
Gurudwara Karimpur Chahwala
Gurudwara Durgapur
Kirpal Sagar
Shiwala Bannah Mal
Garibdasi Parampara, Rattewal
Mandir Baliyana Bainsa
Gurudwara Dashmeshgarh, Virowal
Nabh Kanwal
Mandir Mai Gahli, Bharapur
Gurudwara Nanak Nirvair Sach Khand Dham, Balachaur
Sanehi Mandir, Nawanshahr
Gurudwara Bhai Sikh Hyala
Gurudwara Singh Sabha, Nawanshahr
Baba Murki Shah
 

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Patiala

Patiala district is one of the erstwhile princely cities of Punjab. It is located in the south-eastern part of the state.
Patiala city is the administrative headquarters of Patiala District, and was the capital of the premier princely state in the former Punjab Province of British India, headed by the Sidhu dynasty. Patiala is famous for its pagri (traditional headgear), paranda (tasselled tag for braiding hair), peg (Patiala Peg - a double or large peg of whiskey), and Jutti (traditional Punjabi footwear).
Any serving of alcohol which is double than the normal serving, or unusually large, is referred to as the Patiala Peg. This term is understood in most parts of India. There are multiple stories behind this epithet, most related to the opulent and hedonistic lifestyle of one of the maharajas of Patiala - Maharaja Bhupinder Singh, who was a heavy drinker.
Patiala is home town of many eminent personalities like cricketers Navjot Sidhu, Mohinder Amarnath, Reetinder Sodhi, Bollywood Stars Jimmy Shregill, Om Puri, Punjabi Singers Gurdas Mann & Harbhajan Mann, Jet Airways Chairman Naresh Goyal & Sq Ldr Rakesh Sharma, the first Indian in space.


History

In 1763 Baba Ala Singh laid the foundation of the Patiala fort known as Qila Mubarak, around which the present city of Patiala developed. After the Third Battle of Panipat in 1761 in which the Marathas were defeated, the writ of the Afghans prevailed through out Punjab. It is at this stage that the rulers of Patiala began to acquire ensigns of royalty. Ahmad Shah Abdali bestowed upon Ala Singh furm and banner, and the title of Maharaja of Patiala. After his death, his grandson Amar Singh succeeded and received the title of Raja-I-Rajaan. He was also allowed to strike coins.
After forty years of ceaseless struggle with the Mughals, Afghans and Marathas the borders of the Patiala state witnessed the blazing trails of Ranjit Singh in the north and of the British in the east. Bestowed with the grit and instinct of survival, making the right choice at the right time the Raja of Patiala entered into a treaty with the British against Ranjit Singh in 1808, thus becoming collaborators in the empire building process of the British in the sub-continent of India. The British treated the rulers of Patiala, such as Karam Singh, Narinder Singh, Mahendra Singh, Rajinder Singh, Bhupinder Singh and Yadvindra Singh with respect and dignity.
Maharaja Bhupinder Singh (Reign - 1900 to 1938) gave Patiala a prominent place on the political map of India and in the field of international sports. This included his dog kennels and he and the Maharaja of Jind were equally interested in a range of dog breeds. His son Yadvendra Singh was the first Indian prince to sign the Instrument of Accession, thus facilitating the process of national integration after independence in 1947. In recognition of his services, he was appointed the Rajpramukh of the newly established state of Patiala and East Punjab States Union (PEPSU), from its founding in 1948 until its merger with Punjab in 1956. The downtown area of Patiala is Adalat Bazaar, which means 'the court corridor', because this was used as the administrative building by one of the caretakers, before the King had reached the age of majority. The Royal Family are Jatts of the Sidhu family.

Geography


it lies between 29°49’ and 30°47’ north latitude, 75°58’ and 76°54' east longitude.

Places of Interest

Qila Mubarak Complex

The Qila Mubarak complex stands in 10-acre ground in the heart of the city, and contains the main palace or Qila Androon (literally,'inner fort'), the guesthouse or Ran Baas and the Darbar Hall. Outside the Qila are the Darshani Gate, a Shiva temple, and bazaar shops which border the streets that run around the Qila and sell precious ornaments, colorful hand-woven fabrics, ‘jootis’ and bright ‘Parandis’.

Qila Androon

The entrance is through an imposing gate. The architectural style of this palace is a synthesis of late Mughal and Rajasthani. The complex has 10 courtyards along the north - south axis and each courtyard is unique in size and character, some being broad, others very small and still others mere slits in the fabric of building.Though the Androon is a single interconnected building, it is spoken of as a series of palaces. Each set of rooms makes a cluster around a courtyard, and each carries a name: Sheesh Mahal, Toshakhana, Jalau Khana, Chand Mahal, Rang Mahal, Treasury and Prison. Ten of the rooms are painted with frescoes, or decorated intricately with mirror and gilt. In a tiny portion of the complex is a little British construction with Gothic arches, fire places made of marble and built-in toilets perched on the Mughal Rajasthani roof!. Burj Baba Ala Singh even today has a fire smoldering ever since the time of Baba Ala Singh, along with a flame brought by him from Jwalaji.

Rang Mahal and Sheesh Mahal

The two mahals contain a large no. of frescoes, most of which were made under Maharaja Narender Singh. Within the Qila Mubarak are 16 painted and mirror-worked chambers. For instance, the Darbar room is illustrated with Vishnu avatars and stories of courage or generosity, the ladies' chamber with illustrations from famous romantic epics, and two other chambers with illustrations of the qualities of a good or bad king. The frescoes, among the finest painted in India in the second half of the 19th century are evidently the work of artists from Rajasthani, Pahari and Avadhi traditions.

Ran-Baas

This building was probably a guest house. It has an imposing gateway and two courtyards, both with fountains and small tanks. A room in the first courtyard-with painted walls and a gilt throne-was probably for semi -formal audience. A few pavilions are set among painted walls on the upper storey. Facing each other across the courtyard are two exquisite chambers, one painted and the other decorated with mirror work.

Darbar Hall (Divan Khana)

Used for large audiences and important public occasions, the Darbar has been converted into a museum displaying dazzling chandeliers and armor, including the sword and dagger of Guru Gobind Singh and Nadir Shah's sword. The hall was built on a high plinth over a network of tunnels which were service conduits. The facade gives the impression of a double-storey building, with 'upper storey' windows and a balcony at the first floor level, but the delicately worked wood-and-glass doors open into a huge 15m-high chamber. At the far end is a raised platform, where the Maharaja sat . The wooden frame work of the ceiling holds decorated Plaster-of Paris tiles painted in Arabic style and the ceiling is hung with a fabled collection of chandeliers.

Jalau Khana and Sard Khana (Cool Room)

Both were much later constructions. The Jalau Khana is a small, two storeyed building with a central hall in late Colonial style, where regalia were displayed. The Sard Khan provided an escape from the summer heat. A deep well inside it acted as a wind tunnel, bringing cool air into the ground-floor rooms and the basement. Outside, there is a formal garden with waterways and fountains.

Lassi Khana (Kitchen)

Another small, two-storeyed building with a central courtyard and a well.It adjoins the Ran-bass, and a passage links it to the Qila Androon. Local residents say that at one time this kitchen had the capacity to serve nearly 35,000 people every day, but following an economy drive, the Lassi Khana restricted itself to serving only a modest 5,000 people.

Shahi Samadhan

The Samadhan, where Maharaja Rajinder Singh once built a garden, now holds cenotaphs of erstwhile rulers, looked after by a mahant.

Moti Bagh Palace

Started during the reign of Maharaja Narinder Singh, it was completed under Maharaja Bhupinder Singh in the early 20th century. The Old Moti Bagh Palace now houses the National Institute for Sports. The facade has Rajasthan-style jharokas and chhatris, and the palace is set in a beautiful garden with terraces, water channels and a Sheesh Mahal.

Sheesh Mahal

The Sheesh Mahal was built behind the main Moti Bagh Palace to serve as a pleasure complex.The paintings in two of its well maintained , mirror-worked chambers are of Kangra and Rajasthani qalam, depicting the poetic visions of Keshav, Surdas and Bihari. The Sheesh Mahal now houses a museum, an art gallery, the famed medal gallery and also the North Zone Cultural Centre.

Lachman Jhoola

Across the small Lake in front of Sheesh Mahal is a magnificent suspension bridge which being a replica of the famous Lakshman Jhoola at Rishikesh, is also named as Lachman Jhoola. It links the Sheesh Mahal with the Banasar Ghar on the other side of the lake. The Banasar Ghar now houses the North Zone Cultural Center and a hall for setting up exhibitions.

Bir Moti Bagh

A 1,600-acre forest on the outskirts of Patiala, The Bir was originally the hunting preserve of the Maharaja. Most of the Bir is still forest, but parts of it house a zoo and a deer park, as well as a pilot project on medicinal plants.

Mall Road

Baradari is the colonial area of Patiala. On one side of Mall road is the Baradari, and on the other is the walled city. All along the vibrant Mall Road are fountains and beautiful paved walkways, as well as goverment offices (all buildings conforming to one architectural style), entertainment spots, including cinema theatres and the Rajendra tank, and temples. (The Rajendra Tank is actually a large lake which once attracted migratory birds in winters. Boating facilities are available here.)

Rajindera Kothi



Rajindera Kothi: Set in the heart of the Baradari Gardens, this late 19th Century Palace built in colonial style by Maharaja Rajindra Singh till recently housed Punjab States Archives. PUDA is planning to exploit this building as a potential Heritage Hotel.

Baradari Gardens

The Baradari gardens surround the Baradari palace located in the north of old Patiala city, just outside Sheranwala Gate. The gardens, laid under Maharaja Rajindera Singh were planted extensively rare trees and shrubs, dotted with impressive Colonial buildings and a marble statue of Maharaja Rajindera Singh and the Fern House. The 19th century Fern House, a replica of the one in Calcutta forms a unique attraction along with quaint Rink Hall.

Ijlas-e Khas

Intended to be the Administrative Secretariat of the princely state, this beautiful building now houses the offices of the Punjab State Electricity Board.



Gurudwara Dukhniwaran Sahib

The villagers of Lehal donated land for the modest Gurudwara built on this elevated site, said to have been visited by Guru Teg Bahadur. The legend is that anyone who prays at this Gurudwara is relieved of his suffering ('dukhniwaran'). A new bigger building is now being constructed.

Kali Temple

Maharaja Bhupinder Singh was inspired to build this temple and bring the 6-ft statue of Kali from Bengal to Patiala. This large complex attracts devotees, Hindu and Sikh, from distant places. A much older temple of Raj Rajeshwari is also situated in the center of this complex.

Qila Bahadurgarh

The ninth Guru Tegh Bahadur stayed at Saifabad during his travels. Originally known as Saifabad, it was renamed Bahadurgarh by Maharaja Amar Singh who reinforced and renovated it. The present fort dates back to Maharaja Karam Singh. He built a beautiful Gurudwara on the Patiala-Rajpura road (6 Km from Patiala City).

Panj Bali Gurdwara

Nawab Saif Khan, an admirer of Guru Teg Bahadur, Commemorated the guru's visit by building two gurudwaras, one inside the fort and the other across the road, now known as Panch Bali Gurudwara.

Maiji Di Sarai

This monument in the old city now houses the criminal investigation agency office.

Historical Places Surrounding Patiala

Banur

Situated on the Sukhna Nadi, a tributary of the Ghaggar, at a distance of nine miles north-east of Rajpura on the Rajpura-Chandigarh Road, Banur is an ancient town. Its ruins testify to its former grandeur and importance, but its history has been lost in oblivion. Its ancient name was Pushpa or Popa Nagri or Pushpawati-the City of Flowers, and it was famous for the scent of chambeli flowers grown in its numerous gardens. The place was also well known for its musicians. One Banno Chhimban, a washer woman, is mentioned as a great musician of the days of Akbar.

During the reign of Emperor Akbar, Banur became a Mahal of the Sarkar of Sirhind and continued to be so up to the beginning of the eighteenth century.

In addition to the tomb of Malik Suleman, the suburbs of Banur contain the ruins of an old imperial fort, popularly known as Zulmgarh, the citadel of tyranny, and of another fort of Banda Ali Beg of a more recent date.

Samana

Samana at a distance of 17 miles south-west of Patiala is a place of considerable antiquity. It traces its history to the days of Raja Jaipal who ruled over, among others, the territories of Bhatinda, Samana. It fell into the hands of Shahab-ud-Din Muhammad Gauri after the conquest of Ajmer and Delhi and was entrusted to Qutb-ud-Din Aibek in 1192, along with the territories of Ghuram and Sunam. With the increasing importance of Sirhind under the Mughals, Samana received a little set-back.

While Samana is said to be a place of saints and scholars during the Mughal days, it is notorious also for its professional executioners, who served at Delhi and Sirhind. Sayyad Jala-ud-Din, who executed Guru Teg Bahadur at Delhi in 1675 was from Samana. Beg brothers, who mercilessly butchered the younger sons of Guru Gobind Singh also belonged to Samana. This hated town was therefore one of the first places to have been sacked by Banda Bahadur. But the Mughals were yet too strong for the rising power of Sikhs and Samana had to be given up by them towards the end of 1710 AD.It was retaken in about 1742 AD by Baba Ala Singh, the founder of the Patiala ruling family and was recognized as a part of his territories by Ahamd Shah Durani.

Sanaur

The Town Sanour lies 4 miles South-east of Patiala. It lies on a high mound. The town is of some antiquity. In the time of Babar, Malik Baha-ud-Din Khokar became the chief of this pargana which was called Chaurasi, having 84 villages. In 1748, it came into the possession of Baba Ala Singh.

Ghuram (Kuhram or Kahram)

Situated in 30° 7' N and 76° 33' E 29 miles (slightly West) of Rajpura and 6 miles South (slightly East) of Patiala. Ghuram (Renamed Ramgarh) is a very ancient palace. An old tradition takes it back to the days of the Ramayana, being the abode of Rama’s maternal grandfather. The old ruins in its vicinity speak for its antiquity, though its early history has been long lost. During the days of Rajput Kings, Ghuram (Kuhram of the Persian Writers) was an important town with a strong fort to protect it.

During the fifties of the seventeenth century, Ghuram was held by Malhi Khan as a biswedar proprietor. He was a tyrant and was notorious for his extortions. Baba Ala Singh of Patiala had risen to eminence by now. He was a brave soldier and humane ruler and was looked upon by the oppressed people as source of timely help and consolation. The people of Ghuram came to Patiala and appealed to his noble wife, Mai Fato, for deliverance. Malhi Khan was dispossessed of Ghuram and it was taken under the direct control of Patiala. Maharaja Karam Singh of Patiala built a fort here and named it Ramgarh, evidently in memory of Rama of the Ramayana fame.
 

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Ropar

Rupar is a town and a municipal council in Rupnagar district in the Indian state of Punjab. It was formerly known as Ropar. The town of Rupnagar is said to have been founded by a Raja called Rokeshar, who ruled during the 11th century and named it after his son Rup Sen. It is also the site of an ancient town of the Indus Valley Civilization. The major cities in Ropar District are Morinda, Kurali, Anandpur Sahib and Chamkaur Sahib. The town of Mohali was once part of Ropar District before it became a separate district in 2006. The famous Bhakra dam in Nangal lies on the boundary with the neighbouring state of Himachal Pradesh.
Rupnagar is nearly 50 km to the north west of Chandigarh (the nearest airport). It is bordered by Himachal Pradesh to the north and Nawanshahr district to its west.

History

The town of Rupnagar is of considerable antiquity. The town is said to have been founded by a Raja called Rokeshar who ruled in the 11th century and named Rupnagar after his son Rup Sen . The recent excavations carried out at Rupnagar have proved that this town was the seat of well developed Indus Valley Civilization . In proto - Historic Punjab perhaps Rupnagar is the only known excavation site which can claim the status of a small town or city . The founds in recent excavations consists of earthen bares, statues, coins, etc. That proves that the city dates back to Harrappa - Mohanjodharo civilization which crossed Satluj river. Many of them settled at this place. In the excavations many things founded belongs to Chandra Gupta, Kushan, Hoon and Mughal period. One of rare finds is a seal of Marble on which there are three letters engraved in Sindhi script. One of the finds is the statue of a woman dressing her hair. All these proves that even the people living in this town 4000 years, hence were fully civilized and well cultured.

Many historians are of the view that when the first man descended from the mountains in the North to plains, he settled down at Ropar. A Mount is still preserved by the Archeology Department at Ropar.

S. Hari Singh Rais of Sialba conquered Ropar in 1763 A.D. and established his state . His son Charat Singh made Ropar capital of the state .

After the fall of Sirhind in 1763, Rupnagar came under the sikhs Chief Hari Singh. The most famous ruler of Ropar state was Raja Bhup Singh , who fought in the anglo-sikhs war of 1945. on the side of Maharaja Dalip Singh, the minor successor of Maharaja Ranjit Singh , against the British. Consequently, after the victory of the British, Ropar state of Raja Bhup Singh was confiscated.

The history of Ropar district is in fact the war of Guru Gobind Singh Ji against Mughal tyranny, exploiters and social evils. It is here in this district at Sarsa Nangal that the great Guru parted with the family and proceeded to Chamkaur Sahib where two elder Sahibzadas laid down their lives fighting for truth and Guru Sahib left for Machhiwara on a constant struggle.

The other important historical place in this District is Kiratpur Sahib situated on the banks of the river Satluj. This town was established by 6th Guru Shri Guru Har Gobind Singh Ji after buying Land from Raja Tara Chand of Kehloor through Baba Gurditta Ji. It is said that Guru Nanak Dev Ji made a professy regarding the establishment of this place. It is here at this place that Guru Nanak Dev Ji met saint Buddan Shah in a Jungle. It is here in Sheeshmahal that Guru Hargobind Sahib stayed from Sammat 1691 till the end came. Shri Guru Har Rai Ji and Shri Guru Harikrishan Ji were also born at this place and they were blessed with Guru Gaddi at this place. It is here at Gurdwara Patalpuri Sahib that Sikhs from all over the world immerse the ashes after death. Even the Babhuti of Shri Hari Krishan Ji was brought form Delhi and established at this place. About a half-mile away form Kiratpur Sahib the Takia of Saint Buddan Shah is situated.

Anandpur Sahib, a historical town in this district was founded by 9th Guru of Sikhs Shri Guru Teg Bahadar Ji after buying Land in Village Makowal in 1723 A.D. It is at this place that the great 9th Guru performed perance to commemorate the gurudwara Bhaura Sahib built at Anandpur Sahib . It is also here at Anandpur Sahib that Kashmiri Pandits approached 9th Guru to save them from Mughal Tyranny. Acceding their request on the motivation of Guru Gobind Singh Ji , Shri Guru Teg Bahadar Ji left for Delhi to make Supreme Sacrifice. At Anandpur Sahib the great 10th Guru of Sikhs Shri Guru Gobind Singh Ji spent his early age . It is here that the great Guru mastered the use of arms in Kila Anandgarh Sahib.

Further it was at Anandpur Sahib in Rupnagar District that Shri Guru Gobind Singh Ji created Khalsa in 1699 on Baisakhi Day and brought about a cultural revolution. It was the most important landmark in the history of sikhs. The Khalsa created by Guru Gobind Singh Ji later on acquired the sovereign power of Punjab under Maharaja Ranjit Singh . The creation of Khalsa at Anandpur Sahib is the most important event not only in history of Rupnagar district, but also in the history of the sikhs and Punjab. Gurudwara Keshgarh Sahib at Anandpur Sahib still commemorates the memory of the historical event as Guru created Khalsa at this place.

Another most important landmark historic event had been added to the history of the district, when in April 1999, 300th Birth of Khalsa was celebrated at Anandpur Sahib. Besides lacs of people from all walks of life from all over of the world, heads, important religious, social, political and administrative personalities participated in the Tercentenary functions and paid obesance at Gurudwara Takhat Shri Keshgarh Sahib. Historic City of Anandpur Sahib has been developed as tourist center. Khalsa heritage Memorial complex is being constructed.

Geography

Rupnagar district, included in the Patiala Division of Punjab falls between north latitude 30°-32' and 31°-24' and east longitude 76°-18' and 76°-55'. Rupnagar (formerly known as Ropar) town, the district headquarters is 42 Kms from Chandigarh, the state capital. The district adjoins Nawanshahar, Mohali and Fatehgarh Sahib Districts of Punjab. The district comprises 4 Tehsils, Rupnagar, Anandpur Sahib, Nangal and Chamkaur Sahib and includes 624 villages and 6 towns namely Rupnagar, Chamkaur Sahib, Anandpur sahib, Morinda, Kiratpur Sahib and Nangal. All the towns except Chamkaur sahib fall on railways line. The Satluj river passes close (2 to 5 km) to the towns of Nangal, Rupnagar and Anandpur Sahib.

Places of Interest

Takhat Sri Keshgarh Sahib
Gurudwara Parivar Vichhora Sahib

Gurudwara Bhatta Sahib

Gurudwara Sadabarat

Jateshwar Mahadev Temple, Jatwahar

Bhakra Nangal Dam

Place of Treaty Between Maharaja Ranjit Singh and Lord William-Bentick


 

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Sangrur

The district of Sangrur was formed in 1948.The city sangrur is located at the intersection of the roads connecting Delhi with Ludhiana and Patiala with Bathinda, at a distance of 80 km from Ludhiana and 48 km from Patiala. The Ludhiana-Jakhal railway line passes through it. The Sangrur district is predominantly rural area in the southern part of Punjab.


History

The earliest settlement at the site of Sangrur is believed to have begun around 2,300 B.C. Attracted by the fertile soil and availability of water, people from Sind and Baluchistan started moving and following the path of the Satluj or the Ghagger settled at Rohira. They started living in thatched huts on the virgin soil, Before long they started building houses of sub-dried bricks. By about 2,000 B.C, a new set of people is believed to have settled at the site. Their pottery was more Surdy and their equipment superior. The houses were well laid out and were fairly spacious. Sangrur is said to have been founded by one Sanghu, a Jatt, about four hundred years back. The district of Sangrur was formed in 1948.

Geography

Sangrur is located at 30°14′N 75°50′E / 30.23°N 75.83°E. It has an average elevation of 232 metres (761 feet).

Places of Interest


Sangrur has a few places of some historical or religious importance including Gurudwaras and Hindu Temples. A well planned Banesar Garden in the north of the city with an attractive marble baradari is a popular picnic spot. It also has a small zoo.

 

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Tarn Taran

Tarn Taran district is one of the districts in the state of Punjab in North-West India. One of its main cities is Tarn Taran Sahib, which is located near Amritsar. It is a holy place for many Sikhs of India and abroad.

History

Taran Taran was the only Tehsil in Punjab with a majority Sikh population in 1947, the year of the partition of India.
The main occupation in this area used to be agriculture.
Tarn Taran district was formed a few years ago, the declaration to this effect was made by Captain Amrinder Singh, Ex-Chief Minister of Punjab on during the celebrations marking the martyrdom day of Sri Guru Arjan Dev Ji. With this, it became the 19th district of Punjab.


Geography

Latitude: 31°27′00″ N
Longitude: 74°55′31″ E
Elevation above sea level: 219 m = 718 ft
Coordinates of Tarn Taran in decimal degrees

Latitude: 31.4500000
Longitude: 74.9252800
Coordinates of Tarn Taran in degrees and decimal minutes

Latitude: 31°27′ N
Longitude: 74°55.5168′ E



Places of Interest

The city has many Gurdwaras (Sikh houses of worship), which include Sri Darbar Sahib Tarn Taran Sahib, Gurdwara Guru Ka Khuh (Gurdwara of the Guru's Well), Gurdwara Bibi Bhani Da Khuh, Gurdwara Takkar Sāhib, Gurdwarā Lakeer Sāhib, Gurdwarā Jhūlnā Mahal, Thattī Khārā. The main religious hub at Sri Tarn Taran Sahib is Sri Darbar Sahib Tarn Taran, of Guru Arjan, the fifth Guru of the Sikhs who founded the city and named it Tarn Taran. The Gurdwara of Tarn Taran has the largest Sarovar (Holy Tank) of all Sikh Sarovars.
Gurdwara Bibi Bhani da Khuh is another historic and religious site in this city. It is a holy water well in the name of Bibi Bhani Ji the daughter of Guru Amar Das and the wife of Guru Ram Das (fourth guru of the Sikhs) and the mother of Guru Arjan Dev. This religio-historic well was dug by Guru Arjan Dev Ji in memory of his mother at the place where Mata Bibi Bhani Ji used to serve food, water, and medicine to needy and visiting pilgrims. A Gurdwara has been built at the Khuh and it has been preserved in its original form.
Gurdwara Guru Ka Khuh is also situated in Tarn Taran City. This well Belonged to Guru Arjan Dev Ji, a historic Gurdwara has been built at this place. Other Gurdwaras in the District of Tarn Taran are at Goindwal Sahib namely Gurdwara Baoli Sahib, at Khadoor Sahib, at Baba Buddha Sahib (Bir Sāhib) and those at Amritsar. With so many Gurwaras of historic importance this makes the Majha belt a historic Sikh centre of gathering and interest. The epi Centre of Kar Sewa (lit. hand service), Dera Kar Sewa Baba Jiwan Singh ji, runs at Goindwal Sahib Road, Tarn Taran. Goindwal Sahib is important center of Sikhism, as Guru Arjan Dev ji was born here. Goindwal Sahib, situated along the River Beas, is 23 kilometres from Tarn Taran.
 
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