It seems your Hard Drive is the main culprit and is on the verge of imminent failure...
just to make sure whether its your HDD or something else , In Admin CMD Console or via using your installation Boot DVD/USB perform an offline Check Disk in DOS by using the syntax :
There are
n numbers of factors which could lead to this kind of behavior e.g. Corrupt Installation Media, Driver/Hardware issues like CPU bottlenecks, incompatibility with third party peripherals etc. etc.
So, first thing you need to do is, Check your Install/Boot Media whether it is downloaded from legit source/matches with original OS file & correctly morphed into Boot Device. If you're performing an in place upgrade using Windows Update then use the Windows 10 Upgrade Assistant/Compatibility tool to determine which applications and HW devices are compatible and which aren't?
Also, make sure while upgrading, AV is either Turned off or uninstalled as there may be unknown conflicts which are corrupting the reg. entries.
If, above stated workaround doesn't works for you then use third party tools to format the partition & start afresh.
If, everything fails then its the high time to backup your data and upgrade the conflicting HW.