Well the real issue is not the free electricity or the consumption of electricity in big towns; the big issue really is the theft by industrial corporations; and it's a huge issue which everyone skips by; I'm sharing some copyrighted data so save my a$$ if someone drops by asking my IP
ScienceDirect - Energy Policy : Consumption of electricity in Punjab: Structure and growth
Nisha Bhargava, Baldev Singh, and Shakuntla Gupta
a Department of Economics, DAV College Hoshiarpur, Punjab, India
b Department of Economics, Punjabi University Patiala, Punjab, India
######
######
(i) Controlling the time of service required by introducing time of use metering and by using seasonal tariff during summer months and thus shifting load from peak-to-off peak periods. This can be particularly effective in bulk sector in which demand is price elastic. Initially, such meters may be leased to consumers and their cost may be recovered from them in monthly installments through their electricity bills.(ii) Since the demand for electricity emanating from various sectors is income elastic and with economic development, demand for electricity is bound to grow therefore, to meet this demand, sufficient generating capacity needs to be created.
(iii) Withdrawing free electricity to agriculture and introducing a rational tariff on the same to avoid wastage of electricity and water.
(iv) Encouraging the use of efficient end-use devices like compact fluorescent lamps by all consuming sectors. Presently, these are not being used on a wide scale simply because many consumers are not aware of their efficiency and also because they are expensive.
(v) Replacing old machinery in industries by efficient equipment and using efficient pump sets in agriculture.
(vi) Using renewable energy sources such as solar energy for lighting, cooking, heating and cooling of buildings with underground thermal energy storage and thermo-chemical reactions.
(vii) Displaying labels on electric appliances informing the consumer about their efficiency.
(viii) By switching off lights when not required. Some of the street lights may be switched off after midnight.
(ix) By designing buildings, those are airy and allow enough light so that minimum electricity is used for lighting during daytime.
(x) By launching consumer awareness campaigns and training in prevention of energy wastage by better energy management and by introducing energy conservation programmes at school level of education so that energy conservation becomes a habit among the citizens.
(xi) By offering lower tariffs to those who shift their demand when power utility cuts off their power supply.
(xii) By adjusting working hours to take maximum advantage of daylight.
(xiii) By encouraging self/captive generation in those areas where such generation is economical as compared to power supplied by public utility.
On the basis of the findings of the study, it can be concluded that in a developing economy like Punjab, demand for electricity may not always find support in the economic theory particularly regarding the price behaviour. Moreover, the availability of electricity also has a bearing on its consumption. In the short run, consumers have a fixed capital stock whereas in the long run they can adjust their stock e.g. machinery and electrical appliances in response to changes in prices. For this reason, studies in the field of electricity observe that its demand is unresponsive to price specifically in the short run. In that case, a price increase may not necessarily lower demand and even if demand decreases, its elasticity will be less. Therefore, the total expenditure of the consumers on electricity would increase. An important policy implication of this fact is that price will be ineffective as an instrument of regulating and managing demand. Though time of the day metering can be effective in clipping peaks yet aggregate demand is not likely to come down much. Therefore, the state has to use other demand-side management measures, such as improving efficiency of electricity use and its conservation. It has been observed in this study that demand for electricity is income elastic and is increasing at an accelerated rate. We know that creation of electricity-generating capacity involves long gestation lags therefore supply-side measures are also required and they must include enhancing the power-generating capacity, promoting inter-regional exchange of power, improving the load factor, reducing transmission and distribution losses in a time-bound manner, using efficient fuels and developing non-conventional sources of electricity, particularly solar energy, the scope for which is wide in the state. A comprehensive electricity policy is urgently needed keeping in view the fact that in Punjab economy, demand for electricity is likely to remain resilient to price changes just like in the past and in the long run, price-demand as well as income-demand relationship in case of electricity is likely to remain uncertain especially in the post-reform era.