Jail Note Book of Shaheed Bhagat Singh

Mandeep Kaur Guraya · Oct 1, 2012

Page 1

{ This note book was received on 12 Sep 1929 when the agreement was made between the hunger strikers and Special Jail committee. This is first page of the Note Book -- editor }

For Bhagat Singh

Four hundred & four pages

[ 404 Pages]

Sd/- {jail Superintendent}

12/9/29

Sgnature of Bhagat Singh {two}

Initials {two}

Mandeep Kaur Guraya · Oct 1, 2012

Page 2 { Blank}

page 3

"Lover ,lunatic and poet are mad of the same stuff"

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Inductive = from particular to general

Deductive = frpm general to pticular

Centrifugal = tending from the centre

Centripital = tending to the centre

__________

" My strength is the strength of

oppressed , my courage is the courage of desperation "

_________

URDU

Kureh Khak hai Gardash main Tapash sai Meri ,

Main Voh majnu huan Jo Jindan main Bhee Azad Raha

{ Every tiny molecule of Ash is in motion with my heat

I am such a Lunatic that I am free even in Jail }

" Money is the honey of mankind "

Dostoevsky

Mandeep Kaur Guraya · Oct 1, 2012

Page 4

Currency rates of various Countries :-

Rouble (Russian Coin) [Silver ] = 100copeks=2sh 1- 1/2d

Crown silver = 5shilling

1Lira (Italian) = 1france [Divided into 100 centesian)=9 1/2d

Mark [English coin now quite out of use was worth 13sh.4 d]

Mark [German coin existing and in use } =1sh 4d

Drachma = Greek Coin

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Agnosticism = the idea that we can know nothing of God

Agnosticism might be tolerated , but materialism

is utterly inadmissible ; ( in England)" " Engels"

Mandeep Kaur Guraya · Oct 1, 2012

page 5

Land measurements :-

German 20 Hectares = 50 acers i.e 1 hectare= 2 1/2 acres

Mandeep Kaur Guraya · Oct 1, 2012

page 6

Freedom from Property

The "freedom from property" ...............as far as the Small capitalist and peasant’s properties are concerned become "freedom from property."

Marraige itself remained as before , the legally recognized form , the official cloak of prostitution...............

[ Sism Scientific and Utopian] *

Mental Bondage

" An eternal being created human society as it is today and submission to ‘superiors’ and ‘authority’ is imposed on ‘lower’ classes by divine will ." this suggestion , come from pulpit , platform and press, has hypnotised the minds of men and proves to be one of the strongist pillars of exploitation ."

{ Translator’s preface to Origin of The Family } **

* Socialism , Utopian and Scientific by Federick Engels

** The Origin of the Family ,Private Property and the State by Federick Engels

Mandeep Kaur Guraya · Oct 1, 2012

page 7

The origin of The Family by Engels

Morgan was the first to make an attempt at

introducing a logical order into the history of

primeval society.

He divided it into three main epoches

1. Savagery 2. Barbarism 3. Civilization

1. Savagery redivided into three stages

1. Lower 2. middle 3. Higher

1. Lower Stage of savagery :-

Infancy of human race ". Living in

Tribes ( 2 ) Fruits ,nuts and roots serving as food

(3) the formation of articulated speech is the principal result of that period

2. Middle stage :-

venison.=animal flesh taken 1. Fire discovered 2. fish being used (as) food

by hunting (3) Hunting stone implements invented

(4) caninbbism comes into existance

3. Higher stage :-

1. Bow and arrow no pottery 2. village settlement

(3)Timber used for Gevil Ineg

4. Cloth weaver

Bows and arrows were for the stage of Savagery what the vision

Sword was for barbarism and the firearm for civilization

the weapon of supermcy.

Mandeep Kaur Guraya · Oct 1, 2012

Page 8

Barbarism

1. Lower Stage :-1. Introduction of pottery. At first wooden pots were

covered with layers of earth , but afterwards earthen pots were discovered 2. Human races divided into two distinct classes 1. eastern who taimed animals and had grain 2. western who hd only ‘corn’

2. Middle Stage :-

(a) Western hemisphere i.e in America they grew food plants

(Cultivation and irrigation and baked bricks for house building

(b) Eastern They domesticated animals ; for milk and flesh . No cultivation in this stage yet.

3. Higher Stage :-

1. melting of iron ore

2. Invention of letter script and its utilization for writing records.

This stage is richer in inventions. This is the period of greek heroes.

3. iron ploughshare drawn by animals to grow orn on larger scale.

4. Clearing forests; and iron axe and iron spade used.

5. Great attainments :- (1) Improved iron tools (2) the bellows (3)hand mill (4) potter’s wheel (5) Prepration of oil and wine (6)fashioning metals (7) wagons and chariots (8) ship building

Mandeep Kaur Guraya · Oct 1, 2012

Page 9

9. Artistic Architecture (10) Towns and fort built

11. Homeric Epochs and Entire mythology.

with these attainments Greeks enter the third stage of ‘Civilization’;

To Sum up

1. Savagery - time of predominating appropration of finished natural products;

human ingenuity invents mainly tools useful in assisting this appropriation .

2. Barbarism :- Time of acquiring knowledge of cattle raising ,of agriculture and new methods for increasing the productivity of nature by human agency.

3. Civilization :- Time of learning a wider utilization of natural products , of manufacturing and art.

_______________ : 0 : _____________

We have ,then ,three main forms of the family corresponding in general to three main stages of human development .

1. For savagery ; "group marriage

2. For Barbarism the pairing family

3. For Civilization , monogamy , supplemented by adultry and prosititution. Between the pairing family and monogamy , in the higher stage of barbarism , the rule of man over female slaves and polygamy is inserted.

PP 90

Mandeep Kaur Guraya · Oct 1, 2012

page 10

Defects of marriage

Especially a long engagement is in nine cases out of ten a perfect training school of adultry

PP 91

Socialistic Revolution and Marraige Institution

We are now approaching a social revolution , in whcih the old ecoomic foundations of monogamy will disappear first as surely those of its compliment prostitution. Monogamy arose through the concentration of considerable wealth in one hand-a man’s hand -and from the endeavour to bequeath this wealth to the childrens of the man to the exclusion of all others. This necessiated monogamy on the women , but not on the man’s part. Hence monogamy of women is no way hindered open or secret polygamy of men.

Now the impending social revolution will reduce this whole case of inheritance to a minimum by changing at least the over whelming part of permanent and inheritable wealth --- the means of production -- into social property . Since monogamy was caused by economic conditions , will it appear when these causes are abolished ?

pp91

Mandeep Kaur Guraya · Oct 1, 2012

page 11

" Ah my beloved ,fill the cup that clears

Today of past , Regrets and future fears--

Tomorrow ? --- Why ,Tommorrow I may be

Myself with Yesterday’s sins Thousand Years.

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Here with a loaf of bread beneath the Bough,

A Flask of Wine , a book of verse -- and Thou

Besides me singing in the Wilderness --

And wilderness is paradise now

" Umar Khayyam"

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State ;- The state presupposes a public power of coersion separted from the

aggregate body of its members . (Engels ) Pp116

Origin of State :- ........... Degeneration of the old feuds between tribes regular mode of existing by systematic plundering on land and sea for the purpose of acquring castles , slaves and treasures. In short wealth is praised and respected as the highest treasure , and the old gentile institutions are abused in order to justify the forcible robbery of wealth.

Only one thing was missing; an institution that not only secured the newely acquired property of private individuals against the communistic traditions of the gens that not only declared as sacred the formerly so despised private property and represented the protection of this sacred property as the highest purpose of human society; but that also stamped the gradually developing new forms of acquiring property of constantly increasing wealth with the universal sanction of the Society. An institution

pp ....

Mandeep Kaur Guraya · Oct 1, 2012

[Page 12Origin of State ] that lent the character of perpetuity not only to the newly rising division into classes but also to the right of possesing classes to exploit and rule the non-posessing classes .

And this institution was found . The State arose.

pp 129-130

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Definition of a Good Government

" Good goverment can never be a substitute for self government. "

" Henery Campbell Bannerman"

" We are convinced that there is only one form of Goverment , whatever it may be called, namely , where the ultimate control is in the hands of the people."

" Earl of Balfour"

Religion

" My own view of religion is that of Lucretius. I regard it a disease born of fear , and as source of untold nuisancy to the human race.I cannot however deny that it has made some contribution to civilization. It helped in early days to fix the calander and it caused the Egyptian priest to chronicle eclipses with such care that in time they become able to predict them. These two services I am prepared to acknowledge, but I donot know any other."

Bernard Russell

Mandeep Kaur Guraya · Oct 1, 2012

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Benevolent Despotism :-

Montague Chelmford called the British Government a ‘benevolent despotism ‘ and according to Ramsay Macdonald ,the Imperialist leader of British Labor Party , in all attempts to govern a country by a ‘benevolent despotism’ the goverments are crushed down. They become subjects who obey, not citizens who act.There literature , their act , their spiritual expression go"

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Gov’t of India

Rt. Hon’ble Edwin S. Montague Secretary of State for India , said in the house of commons in 1907 :---

" The Goverment of India is too wooden , too iron ,too inelastic ,too antidiluvian to be of any use for modern purpose. The Indian Government is indefensible."

British Rule in India :-

Dr. Ruthford’s Words :-

"British Rule as it is carried on in India is the lowest and most immoral system of government in the world--- the exploitation of one nation by another ."

Liberty and English Life .

The English people love liberty for themselves .They hate all acts of injustice , except those which they themselves commit. They are such liberty - loving people that they interfere in the Congo and cry ‘Shame’ to the Belgiam .But they forget their heals are on the neck of India.

An Irsih author

Mandeep Kaur Guraya · Oct 1, 2012

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Mob Retaliation

.... Let us therefore examine how men came by the idea of punishment in this manner.

They learn it from the Governments they live under , and retaliate the punishment they have been accustomed to behold. The heads struck upon spikes, which remained for years upon Temple Bar, differed nothing in the horror of the scene from those carried about upon spikes at Paris; yet this was done by the English Government. It may perhaps be said that it signifies nothing to a man what is done to him after he is dead ; but it signifies much to the living; it either torture their feelings or hardens their hearts, and in either Case it instructs them how to punish when power falls into their hands.

Lay then the axe to the root, and teach Goverment humanity. It is their sanguinary punishment which corrupt mankind.............. The effect of those cruel spectacles exhibited to the populace is to destroy tenderness or excite revenge ; and by the base and false ideas of governing men by terror instead of reason, they become precedants.

[Rights of Man PP -32 T. Paine]

Mandeep Kaur Guraya · Oct 1, 2012

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Monarch and Monarchy ;-

It was not against Louis XVI ; but against despotic principles of goverment ,that the nation revolted.

The principles had not their origin in him, but in original establishment; many centuries back; and they were become too deeply rooted to be removed ; and the Augean stable of parasites and plunderers too abominably filthy to be cleared , by anything short of a complete revolution. When it becomes necessary to do a thing ,the whole heart and soul should go into the measure ,or not attempt it ................... The Monarch and Monarchy were distinct and separate things and it was against the person or principles of former, that the revolt commenced and the Revolution has been carried.

PP 19

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Natural and Civil Rights :--

Man did not enter into the society to become worse than he was before, but to have those rights better secured. His natural right are the foundation of all his civil rights.

Natural rights are those which appertain ro man in right of his existance (intellectual - mental etc )

Civil rights are those that appertain to man in right of his being a member ofa society

PP44

: 0 :

Mandeep Kaur Guraya · Oct 1, 2012

Page 16

King Salary ;

It is inhuman to talk of a million sterling a year paid out of the public taxes of any country , for the support of one individual , whilst thousands who are forced to cntribute there to, are pining with want and struggling with misery. Government does not consist in contrast between prisons and palaces ,between poverty and pump; it is not instituted to rob the needy of his mite and increase the worthlessness of the wretched.

p 204

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"Give me liberty or death"

" It is invain ,sir, to extenuate the matter , Gentleman , may cry peace, peace ___ but there is no peace. The war is actually begun.the next gate that sweeps from the North to our ears the clash of resounding arms.Our bretherns are already in the field. Why stand we here idle? What is that gentlemen wish? What would they have? Is life so dear or peace so sweet as to be purchased at the price of chains and slavery. Forbid it Almighty God! I know not what course other may take, as for me, give me liberty or death."

Patrick Henery

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Rights of Labour :--- "Who ever produces anything by weary labour , does not need a revelation from heaven to teach him that he have rights to the thing produced."

Robert G Ingersoll

Mandeep Kaur Guraya · Oct 1, 2012

Page 17

" We consider it horrible that people should have their heads cut off, but we have not been taught to see the hour of life- long death which is inflicted upon a whole population by poverty and tyranny." Mark Twain

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Anarchists " .............. The Anarchist and the apostles of insurrection are also represented ; and if some of the things seem to the readers the mere unchaining of the furies , I would say ,let him not blame the faithful anthologist , let him not blame even the writer ....... Let him blame himself , who has acquiesced in the existing conditions which have driven his fellowmen to extreme of madness and despair"

Upton Sinclair --- Preface 19 Cry for Justice

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The Old Labouror

" ............ He (the old labourer out of employment ) was struggling against age , against nature , against cirumstances ; the entire weight of society ,law and order pressed upon him to force him to love his self respect and liberty .......... He knocked at the door of the farms and found good in man only .............. not in law and order , but in individual man alone ." Richard Jefferies . 30

Mandeep Kaur Guraya · Oct 1, 2012

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Poor Labourers

"......... And we , the men who braved this task , were out cast of the world . A blind fate , a vast merciless mechanism , cut and shaped the fabric of our existance .We were men despised when we were most useful, rejected when we were not needed, and forgotten when our troubles weighed upon us heavily. We were the men sent out to fight the spirit of the wastes , rob it for all its primeval horrors, and batter down the barriers of its world - old defences. Where we were working a new town would spring up some day ; it was already springing up , and then ,if one of us walked there ‘ a man with no fixed address , " he would be taken up and tried as a loiterer and vagrant ."

From Children of the Dead End

By Patrick Macgill c.j 48

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Morality :-

" Morality and religion are but words to him who fishes in gutters for the means of sustaining life , and crouches behind barrels in the street for shelter from the cutting blasts of winter night " Horace Greeley -128

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Hunger " It is desirable for a ruler that no man should suffer from cold and hunger under his rule . Man cannot maintain his standarad of morals when he has no ordinary means of living." Kenko Hoshi Budhist monk of Japan 14th Century P 135

Mandeep Kaur Guraya · Oct 1, 2012

Page 19

Freedom

Men! whose boast it is that ye

Come of fathers brave and free,

If there breathe on earth a slave,

Are you truely free and brave?

If ye do not feel the chain

When it works a brother’s pain

Are ye not base slaves indeed

Slaves unworthy to be freed?

Is true Freedom but to break

Fetters for our own dear sake,

And , with leathern hearts , forget

That we owe mankind a debt?

No! true Freedom is to share

All the chains our brothers wear ,

And, with heart and hand , to be

Earnest to make others free!

They are slaves who fear to speak

For the fallen and the weak;

They are slaves who will not choose

Hatered, scoffing and abuse,

Rather than in silence shrink

From the truth they needs must think:

They are slaves who dare not be

In the right with two or threee

James Russell Lowell (p.189)

Mandeep Kaur Guraya · Oct 1, 2012

Page 20

Full many a gem of purest ray serene,

The dark unfathomed caves of ocean bear;

Full many a flower is harm to blush unseen

And waste it sweetness on the desert air.

{ far from the Madding Crowd by Thomas Gray Eglish poet and scholar 1716 - 1771 ed. reference not in note book }

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Invention : ----

Hitherto it is questionable if all the mechanical inventions yet made have lightened day’s toil of any human being.

J S Mill page 199

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Alms : -

" There is no one on earth more disgusting and repulsive than who gives alms .Even as there is no one so miserable as he who accepts them."

Maxim Gorky P 204

Liberty ;- Those corpses of youngmen

Those martyrs that hang from the gibbets

Those hearts pierced by the grey lead,

Cold and motionless as they seem , line close

Where with unslaughtered vitality.

They live in other youngmen , O kings !

They live in books again ready to defy you!

They were purified by death -

they were taught and exalted!

Mandeep Kaur Guraya · Oct 1, 2012

Page 21 Not a grave of the murdered for freedom ,

but grows seed for freedom , in its turn to beer seed,

Which the wind carry afar and re-sow , and the

rains and the snows nourish .

Not a disembodied spirit can the weapons of tyrants let loose,

But it stalks invincibily over the earth , whispring, counselling cautioning.

P 268 "Walt Whitman"

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Free Thought

" If there is any thing that cannot bear free thought let it crack."

Wendell Phillips 271

State :-----

" Away with the state ! I will take part in that revolution.Undermine the whole conception of a state ,declare free choice and spritual kinship to be only all important condition of any union ,and you will have the commencement of a liberty that is worth something. "

Hunrich Adbsen 273

Oppressor’s :--------

" Surely oppresive maketh a wise man mad." P 278

Jail Note Book of Shaheed Bhagat Singh

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